Reduction of the disease caused by Meloidogyne chitwoodi on tomato with nitrogen-based fertilizers
Abstract
Aim of study: Tomatoes are among the most widely cultivated vegetables globally. Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden, O’Bannon, Santo & Finley, 1980 is a significant yield-reducing factor in many tomato production areas. Owing to the detrimental effects of pesticides on the environment and living organisms in the management against plant parasitic nematodes, it is imperative to develop alternative methods for the management of plant parasitic nematodes. For this reason, the relationship between chemical fertilizers and plant-parasitic nematodes were investigated to determine whether these fertilizers could be utilized within the scope of an integrated pest management (IPM). Area of study: The study was conducted in vitro and in the growth chamber of the Nematology laboratory at the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Çukurova University. Material and methods: The effects of five different nitrogen fertilizers at seven dosages on the M. chitwoodi tomato pathosystem were studied. Main results: In vitro results demonstrated that all doses of urea ammonium nitrate, nitric acid, and ammonium sulphate induced 100% mortality in M. chitwoodi second-stage juveniles (J2) at 72 hours while, calcium nitrate fertilizer induced 80% mortality at the 1600 ppm dose. However, no mortality was observed for the urea treatment. Pot experiments showed that urea ammonium nitrate completely suppressed M. chitwoodi at 50 ppm and above. Ammonium sulphate and nitric acid demonstrated significant suppressive effects exceeding 80% at doses of 100-1600 ppm. Calcium nitrate had a suppressive effect of over 80% at doses of 800-1600 ppm. Petri dish experiments showed that urea fertilizer had no noticeable effect. However, pot experiments indicated that urea fertilizer exhibited a suppressive effect exceeding 80% at doses above 200 ppm. Research highlights: It was found that the use of some doses of these fertilizers negatively affected the development of M. chitwoodi.
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