Reducción de la enfermedad causada por Meloidogyne chitwoodi en tomate con fertilizantes nitrogenados

Palabras clave: efecto supresor, manejo, nematodos agalladores, urea-nitrato amónico, urea

Resumen

Objetivo del estudio: El tomate es una de las hortalizas más cultivadas en todo el mundo. Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden, O’Bannon, Santo & Finley, 1980 es un importante factor de reducción del rendimiento en las zonas de producción de tomate. Teniendo en cuenta los efectos perjudiciales de los plaguicidas sobre el medio ambiente y los organismos vivos, es imperativo desarrollar métodos de control alternativos para la gestión de los nematodos parásitos de las plantas. Por esta razón, se investigó la relación entre los fertilizantes químicos y los nematodos parásitos de las plantas para determinar si estos fertilizantes pueden ser utilizados en el ámbito del manejo integrado de plagas (MIP). Área del estudio: El estudio se realizó in vitro y en la cámara de crecimiento del laboratorio de Nematología del Departamento de Protección Vegetal de la Facultad de Agricultura de la Universidad de Çukurova. Material y métodos: En este estudio se estudiaron los efectos de siete dosis de cinco fertilizantes nitrogenados diferentes sobre el patosistema M. chitwoodi en tomate. Resultados principales: Los resultados in vitro demostraron que todas las dosis de urea- nitrato amónico, ácido nítrico y sulfato amónico indujeron una mortalidad del 100% en M. chitwoodi juveniles de segundo estadio (J2) a las 72 horas, mientras que el fertilizante de nitrato cálcico indujo una mortalidad del 80% a la dosis de 1600 ppm. Sin embargo, no se observó mortalidad en el tratamiento con urea. Los experimentos en maceta demostraron que el nitrato de urea y amonio suprimió completamente a M. chitwoodi a 50 ppm y concentraciones superiores. El sulfato de amonio y el ácido nítrico mostraron un efecto supresor significativo superior al 80% en dosis de 100-1600 ppm. El nitrato de calcio tuvo un efecto supresor superior al 80% a dosis de 800-1600 ppm. Los experimentos en placas de Petri indicaron que el fertilizante de urea no tuvo un efecto apreciable. Sin embargo, los experimentos en maceta revelaron que la urea mostró un efecto supresor superior al 80% en dosis superiores a 200 ppm. Aspectos destacados de la investigación: El uso de algunas dosis de estos fertilizantes afectó negativamente al desarrollo de M. chitwoodi.

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Publicado
2026-07-02
Cómo citar
Dişkaya, S. V., Avcıoğlu, S., Kasapoğlu-Uludamar, E. B., & Elekcioğlu, İbrahim H. (2026). Reducción de la enfermedad causada por Meloidogyne chitwoodi en tomate con fertilizantes nitrogenados. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 24(1), 21595. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2026241-21595
Sección
Protección vegetal