Respuesta de la semilla de maíz (Zea mays L.) a tratamientos con NaCl y estrés salino
Resumen
La salinidad es uno de los mayores limitantes para la agricultura en las zonas semi-áridas del mundo. Se estudió el efecto sobre el crecimiento y producción del tratamiento con NaCl 6 dS m–1 de las semillas antes de la siembra de dos cultivares de maíz (Azam y Sarhad amarillo) y posterior exposición a tres niveles de salinidad (0, 6 y 8 dS m–1). El análisis estadístico de los datos reveló que los cultivares, el tratamiento salino de las semillas y su posterior exposición a un estrés salino tuvieron un efecto significativo (p < 0.05) sobre la germinación, días de emergencia, altura de planta, peso en fresco y seco de los tallos, área foliar, Na+ y K+ de los tallos, y contenido de prolina y ácido abscísico, así como sobre la producción. Un aumento en los niveles de salinidad tuvo un efecto negativo sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo de los dos cultivares estudiados; no obstante, el maíz cv Azam se comportó mejor que el cv Sarhad amarillo, con una emergencia más temprana (2 días), tasa de germinación (31,92%), altura de planta (12%), niveles de prolina (950,33 μg g–1 de peso fresco) y ácido abscísico (0,983 y 1,203 μg g–1 peso fresco) en tallo y producción (36%) respecto el tratamiento control. Estos resultados sugieren que el tratamiento de las semillas de maíz con NaCl antes de la siembra induce cambios fisiológicos y bioquímicos, que se traducen en un mejor comportamiento cuando posteriormente las plantas son expuestas a diferentes niveles de salinidad.Descargas
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