Comunicación corta. Respuesta de la composición bacteriana de un suelo agrícola a la incorporación a largo plazo de diferentes composts
Resumen
Se estudiaron las comunidades bacterianas de suelos agrícolas enmendados durante 12 años con diferentes tipos de compost, mediante el empleo de técnicas de cultivo en placa y técnicas moleculares (PCR-DGGE y genotecas de ARNr 16S). El cultivo en placa mostró un aumento del número de bacterias en los suelos enmendado con diferentes composts (6,41-5,66 log10 cfu g-1 suelo), respecto a los suelos no enmendados o con fertilización mineral (5,54-3,74 log10 cfu g–1 suelo). Esta técnica reveló que las Actinobacterias componen la mayoría de las bacterias identificadas en placa, encontrando un mayor número en los suelos enmendados con diferentes compost (100%-64%) frente a los no enmendados o con fertilización mineral (50%-40%). Las genotecas permitieron identificar además de Actinobacterias (13%), la presencia de Proteobacterias (43%) y Acidobacterias (21%). En los suelos enmendados con compost predominaron Proteobacterias y Actinobacterias, mientras que en los suelos sin enmendar y con fertilización mineral predominaron las Acidobacterias. Las genotecas mostraron mayor diversidad bacteriana que el método de cultivo en placa. En conclusión, los datos obtenidos mediante cultivo en placa y con genotecas mostraron diferencias en la composición de la comunidad microbiana entre suelos enmendados con compost y aquellos sin enmendar y con fertilización mineral.
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