Precios sombra de la contaminación en la agricultura orgánica y convencional: una aplicación en la agricultura mediterránea
Resumen
La agricultura ecológica integra criterios ambientales en las prácticas de producción agrícola con el objeto de mejorarel impacto de la producción agraria sobre el medio ambiente. En este trabajo se estiman y comparan los precios sombra de dos de los contaminantes más importantes en la producción agraria, el excedente de nitrógeno y la contaminación por pesticidas, en el contexto de la agricultura mediterránea. Los resultados muestran que el coste marginal de reducción de la contaminación es más alto para las explotaciones ecológicas que para las convencionales. Ello estaría indicando que la regulación de agricultura ecológica es de hecho más restrictiva ambientalmente que la de la agricultura convencional. En este sentido los resultados sugieren que la agricultura ecológica podría ser una respuesta adecuada a algunos de los problemas ambientales provocados por la agricultura convencional.
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