Efectos genéticos en caracteres morfológicos y de rendimiento en algodón (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

  • N. U. Khan
  • G. Hassan
Palabras clave: algodón Upland, componentes genéticos de varianza D, H1 y H2, efectos aditivos y dominantes, modelo aditivo-dominante, rendimiento de la semilla de algodón

Resumen

Se estudió la naturaleza y la magnitud de los efectos genéticos sobre los caracteres morfo-productivos en un cruce dialélico F1 y F2 de 6 × 6 en algodón tipo upland. Para la mayoría de los caracteres, excepto altura de planta y rendimiento de semilla, fue adecuado un modelo aditivo-dominante. Se estimaron los parámetros genéticos según Hayman y Mather. Los efectos aditivos controlaron el porcentaje de pelusa y los monopodios en ambas generaciones, y la altura de la planta y los simpodios en la F2. La herencia no aditiva con superdominancia controló el rendimiento en ambas generaciones y la altura de planta y los simpodios en la F1. La mayoría de los caracteres presentaron una proporción desigual de alelos positivos (U) y negativos (V) en los loci (H2<H1) y una distribución asimétrica de los genes en los parentales (H2/4H1 < 0,25 y F0). El valor de H2/4H1 estuvo por debajo del valor máximo (0,25) para todos los caracteres, lo que surge cuando U =V= 0,5 en todos los loci. La proporción 4DH1+F/4DH1–F) confirmó, para la mitad de los caracteres, que había un exceso de alelos dominantes respecto a los recesivos. Los efectos de dominancia (h2) para la mayoría de los caracteres sugieren que la contribución sustancial de la dominancia no se debió a la heterogeneidad de los loci en estos parámetros. Las heredabilidades en sentido amplio y estricto fueron altas para la mayoría de los caracteres. El coeficiente de correlación entre Wr + Vr y los medios parentales (y) indicó que los genes dominantes fueron los responsables del aumento de simpodios, el % de pelusa y el rendimiento, y los genes recesivos del aumento de monopodios y altura de la planta. La ganancia genética fue fundamental para la mayoría de los caracteres. Se identificó el cv. CIM- 1100 mediante el avance genético como un cultivar parental promisorio para combinaciones cruzadas.
Palabras clave adicionales: algodón Upland; componentes genéticos de varianza D, H1 y H2; efectos aditivos y dominantes;
modelo aditivo-dominante; rendimiento de la semilla de algodón.
* Corresponding author: nukmarwat@yahoo.com

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Biografía del autor/a

N. U. Khan
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University.
25130 Peshawar. Pakistan
G. Hassan
Department of Weed Science. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University. 25130 Peshawar. Pakistan

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Publicado
2011-05-30
Cómo citar
Khan, N. U., & Hassan, G. (2011). Efectos genéticos en caracteres morfológicos y de rendimiento en algodón (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 9(2), 460-472. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/20110902-166-10
Sección
Mejora vegetal, genética y recursos genéticos