Efecto del abonado orgánico y biológico sobre el rendimiento de los frutos y los aceites esenciales del hinojo (Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce)

  • R. Moradi Department of Agronomy. Faculty of Agriculture. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Mashhad. Iran Crop Ecology. Faculty of Agriculture. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Mashhad. Iran
  • P. Rezvani Moghaddam Department of Agronomy. Faculty of Agriculture. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Mashhad. Iran
  • M. Nasiri Mahallati Department of Agronomy. Faculty of Agriculture. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Mashhad. Iran
  • A. Nezhadali Department of Chemistry. Payam Noor University of Masshad. Iran
Palabras clave: anetol, Azotobacter chroococcum, compost, humus de lombriz, Pseudomonas putida

Resumen

Con el fin de evaluar los efectos de diferentes fertilizantes orgánicos y biológicos sobre la cantidad y calidad del aceite esencial de hinojo, se realizó un experimento en un diseño aleatorizado de bloques completos con tres repeticiones. Los tratamientos experimentales incluyeron todas las combinaciones dobles de dos fertilizantes orgánicos y
dos biológicos (Pseudomonas putida + Azotobacter chroococcum, Ps. putida + compost, Ps. putida + humus de lombriz, A. chroococcum + compost, A. chroococcum + humus de lombriz, y compost + humus de lombriz) y un control
(sin fertilizar). Hubo diferencias significativas entre tratamientos en términos de porcentaje del aceite esencial de las semillas, rendimiento de aceite esencial y contenido en anetol, fenchone, limoneno y estragol en el aceite esencial.
Los resultados mostraron que el mayor y el menor porcentaje de aceites esenciales se obtuvieron en los tratamientos control (2,9%) y A. chroococcum + humus de lombriz (2,2%), respectivamente. En el tratamiento compost + humus de lombriz se obtuvo la mayor producción de aceite esencial (29,9 L ha–1) y contenido en anetol (69,7%), así como el
menor contenido de fenchone (6,14%), limoneno (4,84%) y estragol (2,78%). Parece que el tratamiento de compost + humus de lombriz suministró el mayor equilibrio de nutrientes y agua en la zona de la raíz del hinojo en comparación con otros tratamientos, lo que aumenta el contenido de anetol, y por tanto disminuye el de otros compuestos. La producción de aceite esencial y el porcentaje de contenido en anetol en el aceite esencial fue significativamente mayor en todos los tratamientos orgánicos y biológicos que en el control.

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Citas

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Abdelaziz M., Pokluda R., Abdelwahab M., 2007. Influence of compost, microorganisms and NPK fertilizer upon growth, chemical composition and essentioal oil production of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Not Bot Hort Agrobot Cluj 35, 86-90.

Adams R.P., 2007. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry, 4th ed. Allured Publ, Carol Stream, ILL, USA.

Akbarinia A., Ghalavand A., Sefidkon F., Rezaee M.B., Sharifi A., 2003. Study on the effect of different rates of chemical fertilizer, manure and mixture of them on seed yield and main, compositions of essential oil of Ajowan (Trachyspermum copticum). Iranian Research and Development 61, 32-41. [In Persian].

Amin I.S., 1997. Effect of bio and chemical fertilization on growth and production of Coriandrum sativum, Foeniculum vulgare and Carum carvi plants. Ann Agric Sci Moshtohor 35, 2327-2334.

Anwar M., Patra D.D., Chand S., Alpesh K., Naqvi A.A., Khanuja S.P.S., 2005. Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation, and oil quality of French basil. Comm Soil Sci Plant Anal 36, 1737-1746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/CSS-200062434

Atiyeh R.M., Subler S., Edwards C.A., Bachman G., Metzger J.D., Shuster W., 2000. Effects of vermicomposts and compost on plant growth in horticultural container media and soil. Pedobiologia 44, 579-590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/S0031-4056(04)70073-6

Banchio E., Bogino P.C., Zygadlo J., Giordano W., 2008. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria improve growth and essential oil yield in Origanum majorana L. Biochem Syst Ecol 36, 766-771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2008.08.006

Badran F.S., Safwat M.S., 2004. Response of fennel plants to organic manure and bio-fertilizers in replacement of chemical fertilization. Egyptian J Agric Res 82, 247-256.

Clevenger J.H., 1928. Apparatus for the determination of volatile oil. J Am Pharm Assoc 17, 346.

Darzi M.T., Ghalavand A., Sefidkon F., Rejali F., 2009. The effects of mycorrhiza, vermicompost and phosphatic biofertilizer application on quantity and quality of essential oil in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Iranian J Medic Aromatic Plants 24, 396-413. [In Persian].

Gharib F.A., Moussa L.A., Massoud O.N., 2008. Effect of compost and bio-fertilizers on growth, yield and essential oil of sweet marjoram (Majorana hortensis) plant. Int J Agr Biol 10, 381-387.

Ghost B.C., Bhat R., 1998. Environmental hazards of nitrogen loading in wetland rice fields. Environ Pollut 102, 123-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(98)80024-9

Publicado
2011-05-30
Cómo citar
Moradi, R., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Nasiri Mahallati, M., & Nezhadali, A. (2011). Efecto del abonado orgánico y biológico sobre el rendimiento de los frutos y los aceites esenciales del hinojo (Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce). Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 9(2), 546-553. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/20110902-190-10
Sección
Producción vegetal