La influencia de la frecuencia de adición de Navicula sp. en un sistema de biofloc sobre el crecimiento de postlarvas de Penaeus vannamei y la comunidad planctónica
Resumen
Objetivo del estudio: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes frecuencias de adición de la microalga Navicula sp. en un sistema de bioflóculos sobre el rendimiento de crecimiento de las postlarvas de Penaeus vannamei y la comunidad planctónica.
Área de estudio: Laboratorio de Maricultura Sostenible, Departamento de Pesca y Acuicultura, Universidad Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brasil.
Material y Métodos: Se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos por triplicado durante 35 días: un tratamiento control (BFT - sin Navicula sp.) y tres tratamientos con adiciones de Navicula sp. cada 5, 10 y 15 días (BFT 5D, BFT 10D y BFT 15D). La microalga se agregó a una densidad de 10 × 10⁴ células mL⁻¹, y las postlarvas de Penaeus vannamei (PL10, ~5 mg) se cultivaron a una densidad de 3.000 PL m⁻³.
Resultados principales: La frecuencia de adición de Navicula sp. no afectó significativamente a los parámetros de calidad del agua, excepto los sólidos sedimentables. El desempeño del camarón mejoró en los tratamientos con adiciones más frecuentes (BFT 5D y BFT 10D), los cuales presentaron mayores pesos finales medios (0,44 ± 0,02 g y 0,51 ± 0,01 g) y rendimientos (1,22 ± 0,05 kg m⁻³ y 1,41 ± 0,02 kg m⁻³) en comparación con el control. Aunque los tratamientos no afectaron significativamente la composición de la comunidad planctónica, se observaron variaciones temporales, con una abundancia relativa de Cianofitas de hasta el 95,2%. Dentro de los grupos de Cianofitas y protozooplancton, Aphanocapsa sp. y Paramecium sp. fueron los taxones predominantes, respectivamente.
Conclusiones: La adición de Navicula sp. cada 5 o 10 días mejora el rendimiento de crecimiento de Penaeus vannamei en sistemas de bioflóculos. Con el tiempo, la composición planctónica cambió, presentando un dominio de Cyanophyta. Considerando los costos asociados a la producción de microalgas, se recomienda la adición de Navicula sp. cada 10 días en criaderos de camarón en sistemas de bioflóculos.
Descargas
Citas
Abreu JL, Brito LO, Lima PCM, Silva SMBC, Severi W, Galvez AO, 2019. Effects of addition of Navicula sp. (diatom) in different densities to postlarvae of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared in a BFT system: Growth, survival, productivity and fatty acid profile. Aquac Res 50: 2231–2239. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14104
Adarme-Vega TC, Lim DKY, Timmins M, Vernen F, Li Y, Schenk PM, 2012. Microbial Cell Factories volume Microalgal biofactories: a promising approach towards sustainable omega-3 fatty acid production. Microb Cell Fact 11: 96. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2859-11-96
Alexander H, Jenkins BD, Rynearson TA, Dyhrman ST, 2015. Metatranscriptome analyses indicate resource partitioning between diatoms in the field. Proc Natl Acad Sci 112: E2182–E2190. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421993112
Anand PSS, Kohli MPS, Kumar S, Sundaray JK, Roy SD, Venkateshwarlu G, Sinha A, Pailan GH, 2013. Effect of dietary supplementation of biofloc on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities in Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture 418–419: 108–115.
Anderson DM, Galloway SB, Joseph JD, 1993. Marine Biotoxins and Harmful Algae: A National Plan. Technical Report (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), WHOI-93-02.
APHA, 2012. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (22th ed.). American Public Health Association.
Avnimelech Y, 2007. Feeding with microbial flocs by tilapia in minimal discharge bioflocs technology ponds. Aquaculture 264: 140–147.
Avnimelech Y, 2012. Biofloc technology. A practical guide book. (2rd ed). The World Aquaculture Society.
Avnimelech Y, 2015. Biofloc Technology －A Practical Guide Book. (3rd ed.). The World Aquaculture Society.
Ballester ELC, Abreu PC, Cavalli RO, Emerenciano M, Abreu L, Wasielesky W, 2010. Effect of practical diets with different protein levels on the performance of Farfantepenaeus paulensis juveniles nursed in a zero exchange suspended microbial flocs intensive system. Aquac Nutr 16: 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00648.x
Bicudo CE, Menezes MA, 2006. Gêneros de algas continentais do Brasil: Chave para identificação e descrições (2nd ed.). Rima.
Boyd CE, 2020. Water quality: An introduction. (3nd ed.). Springer Nature.
Bradford-Grieve JM, Markhaseva EI, Rocha CEF, Abiahy B, 1999. Copepoda. In D. Boltoyskoy (Ed.), South Atlantic zooplankton (pp. 869–1098). Backhuys Publishers.
Brito LO, Santos IGS, Abreu JL, Araújo MT, Severi W, Gálvez AO, 2016. Effect of addition of diatoms (Navicula spp.) and rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) on growth and water quality of the Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae reared in biofloc system. Aquac Res 47: 3990–3997. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12849
Cardona E, Lorgoux B, Geffroy C, Richard P, Saulinier D, Guegeen Y, Guillou G, Chim L, 2015. Relative contribution of natural productivity and compound feed to tissue growth in blue shrimp (Litopenaeus stylirostris) reared in biofloc: Assessment by C and N stable isotope ratios and effect on key digestive enzymes. Aquaculture 448: 288–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.05.035
Castillo-Soriano FA, Ibarra-Junquera V, Escalante-Minakata P, Mendoza-Cano O, Ornelas-Paz JJ, Almanza-Ramírez JC, Meyer-Willerer AO, 2013. Nitrogen dynamics model in zero water exchange, low salinity intensive ponds of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, at Colima, México. Lat Am J Aquat Res 41: 68–79. https://doi.org/10.3856/vol41-issue1-fulltext-5
Charoonnart P, Purton S, Saksmerprome V, 2018. Applications of microalgal biotechnology for disease control in aquaculture. Biology 7(2): 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology7020024
CETESB - Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo, 2011. National guide for sample collection and preservation: Water, sediment, aquatic communities, and liquid effluents (C. J. Brandão et al., Eds.). CETESB & ANA.
Chorus EI, Bartram J, 1999. Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water: A Guide to Their Public Health Consequences, Monitoring and Management. Taylor & Francis.
Clarke KR, 1993. Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Aust J Ecol 18(1): 117–143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1993.tb00438.x
Cuellar-Bermudez SP, Aguilar-Hernandez I, Cardenas-Chavez DL, Ornelas-Soto N, Romero-Ogawa MA, Parra-Saldivar R, 2015. Extraction and purification of high-value metabolites from microalgae: essential lipids, astaxanthin and phycobiliproteins. Microb Biotechnol 8: 190–209. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12167
De Schryver P, Crab T, Defroidt N, Boon WV, 2008. The basics of bio-flocs technology: The added value for aquaculture. Aquaculture 277: 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.02.019
Decamp O, Moss S, Nagano N, 2001. Live protozoa: suitable live food for larval fish and shrimp? Glob Aquac Advoc 4: 28–29.
Ebeling JM, Timmons MB, Bisogni JJ, 2006. Engineering analysis of the stoichiometry of photoautotrophic, autotrophic, and heterotrophic control of ammonia-nitrogen in aquaculture production systems. Aquaculture 257: 346–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.03.019
Ekasari J, Angela D, Waluyo SH, Bachtiar T, Surawidjaja EH, Bossier P, De Schryver P, 2014. The size of biofloc determines the nutritional composition and the nitrogen recovery by aquaculture animals. Aquaculture 426–427: 105–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.01.023
Emerenciano MGC, Martínez-Córdova LF, Porchas MM, Baeza AM, 2017. Biofloc Technology (BFT): A Tool for Water Quality Management in Aquaculture. In H. Tutu (Ed.), Water quality (pp. 92–109). Intech.
Emerenciano MGC, Rombenso AN, Vieira FdN, Martins MA, Coman GJ, Truong HH, Noble TH, Simon CJ, 2022. Intensification of penaeid shrimp culture: an applied review of advances in production systems, nutrition and breeding. Animals 12: 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030236
Foissner W, Berger H, Schaumburg J, 1999. Identification and ecology of limnetic plankton ciliates. Informationberichte des Bayer Landesamtes für Wasserwirtschaft.
Fries J, 1971. Análisis de trazas: métodos fotométricos comprobados. Merck.
Guzman-Guillen R, Prietoa AI, Vazquez CM, Vasconcelos V, Camean AM, 2013. The protective role of l-carnitine against cylindrospermopsin-induced oxidative stress in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquat Toxicol 132: 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.02.011
Hargreaves AJ, 2013. Biofloc Production Systems for Aquaculture. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center – SRAC.
Hoek C, Mann D, Jahns HM, 1995. Algae: An introduction to phycology. Cambridge University Press.
Hötzel G, Croome R, 1999. A phytoplankton methods manual for Australian Freshwaters. Land and Water Resources Research and Development Corporation.
Hu X, Zhang R, Ye J, Wu X, Zhang Y, Wu C, 2017. Monitoring and research of microcystins and environmental factors in a typical artificial freshwater aquaculture pond. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25: 5921–5933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0956-4
Ji F, Liu Y, Hao R, Li G, Zhou Y, Dong R, 2014. Biomass production and nutrients removal by a new microalgae strain Desmodesmus sp. in anaerobic digestion wastewater. Bioresour Technol 161: 200–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.034
Ju ZY, Forster I, Conquest L, Dominy W, Kuo WC, David Horgen F, 2008. Determination of microbial community structures of shrimp floc cultures by biomarkers and analysis of floc amino acid profiles. Aquac Res 39(2): 118–133. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01856.x
Khatoon H, Banerjee S, Yusoff FM, Shariff M, 2009. Evaluation of indigenous marine periphytic Amphora, Navicula and Cymbella grown on substrate as feed supplement in Penaeus monodon postlarval hatchery system. Aquac Nutr 15(2): 186–193. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2008.00582.x
Kuhn DD, Smith SA, Boardman GD, Angier MW, Marsh L, Flick Jr GJ, 2010. Chronic toxicity of nitrate to Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei: impacts on survival, growth, antennae length, and pathology. Aquaculture 309(1–4): 109–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.09.014
Lima PCM, da Silva AEM, da Silva DA, de Oliveira CYB, Severi W, Brito LO, Olivera Gálvez A, 2022a. Use of recirculation and settling chamber in synbiotic multi‐trophic culture of Crassostrea sp. with Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquac Res 53(18): 6626–6640. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.16132
Lima PC, Luna MM, Campos CV, Santos EP, Oliveira CY, Gálvez AO, Brito LO, 2021. Cyanobacteria reduction in the integrated culture of Pacific white shrimp and West India pointed venus in a biofloc system. Ecotoxicol Environ Contam 16(1): 75–82. https://doi.org/10.5132/eec.2021.01.10
Lima PCM, de Andrade RJV, Silva AEM, Campos CVFDS, Oliveira CYB, Gálvez AO, Brito LO, 2022b. Effects of different molasses application rates on planktonic composition in low salinity biofloc culture of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Chem Ecol 38(10): 913–934. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2022.2129623
Lin YC, Chen JC, 2003. Acute toxicity of nitrite on Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) juveniles at different salinity levels. Aquaculture 224(1–4): 193–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00220-5
Llario F, Rodilla M, Es Crivá J, Falco S, Sebastiá-Frasquet MT, 2019. Phytoplankton evolution during the creation of a biofloc system for shrimp culture. Int J Environ Sci Technol 16: 211–222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1655-5
Macedo CF, Sipaúba-Tavares LH, 2010. Eutrofização e qualidade da água na piscicultura: consequências e recomendações. Bol Inst Pesca 36(2): 149–163
Magaña-Gallegos E, González-Zúñiga R, Cuzon G, Arevalo M, Pacheco E, Valenzuela MA, Gaxiola G, Chan-Vivas E, López-Aguiar K, Noreña-Barroso E, 2018. Nutritional contribution of biofloc within the diet of growout and broodstock of Litopenaeus vannamei, determined by stable isotopes and fatty acids. J World Aquac Soc 49(5): 919–932. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12513
Marinho YF, Brito LO, Campos CVFS, Severi W, Andrade HA, Galvez AO, 2017. Effect of the addition of Chaetoceros calcitrans, Navicula sp. and Phaeodactylum tricornutum (diatoms) on phytoplankton composition and growth of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) postlarvae reared in a biofloc system. Aquac Res 48: 4155–4164. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13235
Marinho YF, Brito LO, Silva CVF, Galvez AO, 2014. Effect of addition of Navicula sp. on plankton composition and postlarvae growth of Litopenaeus vannamei reared in culture tanks with zero water exchange. Lat Am J Aquat Res 42: 427–437. https://doi.org/10.3856/vol42-issue3-fulltext-4
Melo FP, Ferreira MGP, Braga IFM, Correia ES, 2016. Toxicidade do nitrito para o camarão Litopenaeus vannamei cultivado em sistemas de água clara e bioflocos. Bol Inst Pesca 42(4): 855–865
Maltsev Y, Maltseva K, 2021. Fatty acids of microalgae: Diversity and applications. Rev Environ Sci Bio/Technol 20: 515–547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-021-09571-3
Molina-Cárdenas CA, Sánchez-Saavedra MP, 2017. Inhibitory effect of benthic diatom species on three aquaculture pathogenic vibrios. Algal Res 27: 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2017.09.004
Monroy-Dosta MDC, Lara-Andrade D, Castro-Mejía J, Castro-Mejía G, Coelho-Emerenciano MG, 2013. Composición y abundancia de comunidades microbianas asociadas al biofloc en un cultivo de tilapia. Rev Biol Mar Oceanogr 48(3): 511–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-19572013000300009
Moss SM, 2002. Dietary importance of microbes and detritus in penaeid shrimp aquaculture. In C.S. Lee and P. O’Bryen (Eds.), Microbial Approaches to Aquatic Nutrition within Environmentally Sound Aquaculture Production Systems (pp. 1–18). World Aquaculture Society
Nagano N, Decamp O, 2004. Ingestion of a ciliated protozoa by first-feeding larval stage of pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone). Aquac Res 35: 516–518. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01043.x
Oliveira CYB, Jacob A, Nader C, Oliveira CDL, Matos ÂP, Araújo ES, Shabnam N, Ashok B, Gálvez AO, 2022. An overview on microalgae as renewable resources for meeting sustainable development goals. J Environ Manag 320: 115897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115897
Oliveira CYB, Abreu JL, Brandão BC, Oliveira DWS, de Sena PR, da Silva WA, Araújo ES, Rörig LR, de Almeida Costa GK, Silva SMBC, Müller MN, Tribuzi G, Gálvez AO, 2024. A Holistic Approach to Producing Anti-Vibrio Metabolites by an Endosymbiotic Dinoflagellate Using Wastewater from Shrimp Rearing. Microorganisms 12(8): 1598. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081598
Paerl HW, Huisman J, 2009. Climate change: a catalyst for global expansion of harmful cyanobacterial blooms. Environ Microbiol Rep 1: 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-2229.2008.00004.x
Ponce-Palafox JT, Ruíz-Luna A, Gómez MGU, Esparza-Leal HM, Arredondo-Figueroa JL, Martinez-Palacios CA, Ross LG, 2013. A response-surface analysis of the relative importance of the temperature, salinity and body weight on the respiratory metabolism of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931). Mar Freshw Behav Physiol 46(6): 399-417. https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2013.849058
Qiao L, Chang Z, Li J, Chen Z, 2020. Phytoplankton community succession in relation to water quality changes in the indoor industrial aquaculture system for Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 527: 735441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735441
Qiao Q, Liu W, Wu K, Song T, Hu J, Huang X, Wen J, Chen L, Zhang X, 2013. Female zebrafish (Danio rerio) are more vulnerable than males to microcystin-LR exposure, without exhibiting estrogenic effects. Aquat Toxicol 142: 272-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.07.002
Rosini EF, Sant’Anna CL, Tucci A, 2013. Cyanobacteria de pesqueiros da região metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. Rodriguésia 64: 399-417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2175-78602013000200015
Samocha TM, 2019. Sustainable Biofloc Systems for Marine Shrimp. Academic Press
Samocha TM, Prangnell DI, Hanson TR, Treece GD, Morris TC, Castro LF, Staresinic N, 2017. Design and Operation of Super Intensive, Biofloc-Dominated Systems for Indoor Production of the Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei–The Texas A&M AgriLife Research Experience. The World Aquaculture Society
Schrader KK, Green BW, Perschbacher PW, 2011. Development of phytoplankton communities and common off-flavors in a biofloc technology system used for the culture of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquac Eng 45(3): 118–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2011.08.004
Shah MR, Lutzu GA, Alam A, Sarker P, Chowdhury MK, Parsaeimehr A, Liang Y, Daroch M, 2018. Microalgae in aquafeeds for a sustainable aquaculture industry. J Appl Phycol 30: 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-017-1234-z
Silva AEM, Brito LO, da Silva DA, de Lima PCM, da Silva Farias R, Gálvez AO, da Silva SMBC, 2021. Effect of Brachionus plicatilis and Navicula sp. on Pacific white shrimp growth performance, Vibrio, immunological responses and resistance to white spot virus (WSSV) in nursery biofloc system. Aquaculture 535: 736335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736335
Sipaúba-Tavares LH, Millan RN, Santeiro RM, 2010. Caracterization of a plankton community in a fish farm. Acta Limnol Bras 22(1): 60-69. https://doi.org/10.4322/actalb.02201008
Zimba PV, Camus A, Allen EH, Burkholder JM, 2006. Co-occurrence of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, mortalities and microcystin toxin in a southeastern USA shrimp facility. Aquaculture 261(3): 1048-1055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.08.037
Tundisi JG, Matsumura-Tundisi T, 2008. Limnologia. Oficina de Textos
Van Wyk P, 1999. Nutrition and feeding of Litopenaeus vannamei in intensive culture systems. In: Van Wyk P, Davis-Hodgkins M, Laramore R, Main KL, Mountain J, Scarpa J, (Eds.), Farming marine shrimp in recirculating freshwater systems (pp. 125–140). Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services - Harbor Branch Oceanic Institute
Walne PR, 1966. Experiments in the large scale culture of the larvae of Ostrea edulis. Fish Investigation, 25: 1–53
Widanarni W, Ekasari J, Maryam S, 2012. Evaluation of biofloc technology application on water quality and production performance of red tilapia Oreochromis sp. cultured at different stocking densities. Hayati J Biosci 19(2): 73-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.19.2.%25x
Xu WJ, Morris TC, Samocha TM, 2016. Effects of C/N ratio on biofloc development, water quality, and performance of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles in a biofloc-based, high-density, zero-exchange, outdoor tank system. Aquaculture 453: 169-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.11.021
Ye W, Liu X, Tan J, Li D, Yang H, 2009. Diversity and dynamics of microcystin—Producing cyanobacteria in China’s third largest lake, Lake Taihu. Harmful Algae 8(5): 637-644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2008.10.010
Derechos de autor 2025 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
© CSIC. Los originales publicados en las ediciones impresa y electrónica de esta Revista son propiedad del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, siendo necesario citar la procedencia en cualquier reproducción parcial o total.
Salvo indicación contraria, todos los contenidos de la edición electrónica se distribuyen bajo una licencia de uso y distribución “Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional ” (CC BY 4.0). Consulte la versión informativa y el texto legal de la licencia. Esta circunstancia ha de hacerse constar expresamente de esta forma cuando sea necesario.
No se autoriza el depósito en repositorios, páginas web personales o similares de cualquier otra versión distinta a la publicada por el editor.
