El papel de los antioxidantes enzimáticos en la tolerancia a la salinidad de algunos patrones utilizados en el cultivo de peras europeas (Pyrus communis L.)
Resumen
Objetivo del estudio: Las plantas, ya sean halófitas o glicófitas, emplean estrategias defensivas para contrarrestar los daños causados por el estrés salino. El objetivo del estudio fue especificar las respuestas bioquímicas de algunos patrones de peral bajo condiciones de estrés por cloruro de sodio (NaCl).
Área del estudio: Instituto de Investigación Frutícola, Eğirdir, Isparta, Turquía.
Material y métodos: Se utilizaron plantas no injertadas de un año de edad de los patrones de peral OH×F 97, OH×F 333 (Old Home × Farmingdale) y Fox 11 y membrillero BA 29. Se aplicaron cuatro concentraciones diferentes de NaCl (0 mM (control), 20 mM, 40 mM y 80 mM).
Resultados principales: El contenido relativo de agua (RWC%), la conductancia estomática (gs) y los niveles de peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2) en las hojas disminuyeron significativamente con el aumento del estrés por NaCl en todos los patrones. Las actividades de las enzimas antioxidantes y el contenido de Na+ (sodio) generalmente aumentaron en relación con el nivel de estrés. Los patrones más afectados fueron Fox 11 y BA 29, respectivamente, según los valores de RWC%, gs y Na+. Las actividades de las enzimas superóxido dismutasa (SOD), catalasa (CAT), glutatión peroxidasa (GPX), dehidroascorbato reductasa (DHAR), (ascorbato peroxidasa) APX y glutatión reductasa (GR) aumentaron significativamente en OH×F 97 bajo estrés por NaCl.
Conclusiones: Los componentes de defensa antioxidante enzimática contribuyen al mecanismo de tolerancia en perales europeos bajo estrés por NaCl. Los patrones OH×F (especialmente OH×F 97) pueden ser preferidos cuando el valor de salinidad umbral del suelo está alrededor de 4 dS m-1.
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