Efecto de la transferencia fallida de inmunidad pasiva y la agammaglobulinemia sobre la ocurrencia de diarrea, neumonía y mortalidad antes del destete en becerras Holstein
English
Resumen
Objetivo del estudio: Evaluar el efecto de la transferencia fallida de inmunidad pasiva (TFIP; Brix% <8, equivalente a inmunoglobulina sérica G sérica <10.1 g/L) y agammaglobulinemia (AG; Brix% ≤ 6.5, igual a 0 g/L de inmunoglobulina sérica G) evaluado con un refractómetro Brix digital sobre la ocurrencia pre-destete de diarrea, neumonía y mortalidad en becerras Holstein.
Área de estudio: Zona caliente y árida del norte de México (25 °N).
Materiales y métodos: Se obtuvieron registros de eventos de salud y mortalidad de becerras Holstein (n = 4,349) en un hato lechero comercial extenso. Se llevaron a cabo análisis de regresión logística múltiple para modelar el efecto de la falla de la transferencia pasiva de inmunoglobulinas maternas o AG sobre la ocurrencia de diarrea, neumonía y mortalidad pre-destete de becerras Holstein.
Resultados principales: Las becerras con TFIP a las 24 h postparto fueron 1.9 más propensas de presentar diarrea pre-destete que las compañeras del hato sin TFIP. Las becerras con AG fueron 2.6 veces más propensas de sufrir diarrea antes del destete que las becerras que no padecían esta afección. Las becerras con TFIP fueron 1.4 veces más propensas de tener neumonía pre-destete que las becerras que no presentaron TFIP. Las becerras con AG tuvieron 2.1 veces más probabilidades de enfermarse de neumonía que las becerras sin AG. Los episodios de diarrea predispusieron a las becerras a enfermarse de neumonía (odds ratio = 3.8). Las probabilidades de morir antes de los 60 días de edad fueron 1.9 veces
mayores en las becerras con TFIP comparadas con las becerras sin TFIP.
Aspectos destacados de la investigación: Estos resultados reafirman que TFIP y AG 24 h postparto aumentan el riesgo de diarrea y neumonía pre-destete; además, la diarrea es un factor de riesgo importante de sufrir neumonía. Estas enfermedades solas o coexistentes en las becerras aumentaron notablemente la mortalidad de éstas antes del destete.
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