Investigación de la genotoxicidad del insecticida metoxifenocida con los métodos Allium y SMART
Resumen
Objetivo del estudio: Evaluar la genotoxicidad del insecticida metoxifenocida mediante el ensayo Allium y la Prueba de Mutación y Recombinación Somática (SMART).
Área de estudio: Laboratorios del Instituto de Ciencias de la Universidad Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli.
Material y métodos: En el ensayo Allium, las puntas de raíces de cebolla fueron expuestas a concentraciones de metoxifenocida de 0.005 mL/L, 0.01 mL/L y 0.02 mL/L durante 24 horas. Tras la exposición, las preparaciones de raíces se analizaron para determinar el Índice Mitótico (IM) y las Aberraciones Cromosómicas (AC). En la prueba SMART, larvas transheterocigotas de 72 ± 4 horas, ob- tenidas del cruce estándar entre machos multiple wing hairs (mwh) y hembras vírgenes flare (flr3), fueron expuestas a metoxifenocida en concentraciones de 0.1 mL/L, 0.2 mL/L y 0.4 mL/L en un medio instantáneo. Se realizaron preparaciones de las alas de Drosophila adultas emergentes para evaluar la frecuencia de inducción de clones y la aparición de manchas en las alas.
Principales resultados: El ensayo Allium indicó una disminución dependiente de la concentración en los valores de IM: 5.88 ± 0.40, 4.71 ± 0.44 y 3.97 ± 0.47 para 0.005 mL/L, 0.01 mL/L y 0.02 mL/L, respectivamente, en comparación con el control negativo (7.28 ± 0.32). El insecticida metoxifenocida indujo anomalías comunes como irregularidades, puentes cromosómicos, “cromosomas errantes”, adherencias y desorientación. La prueba SMART mostró mayores frecuencias de inducción de clones en moscas mwh/flr3 y mwh/TM3 en comparación con el control negativo. Se observaron clones simples y gemelos en las alas de las moscas transheterocigotas.
Aspectos destacados de la Investigación: Los hallazgos sugieren que el insecticida metoxyienocida puede ser genotóxico para sistemas vegetales y animales. No obstante, se necesita más investigación para comprender completamente los impactos ambientales y los posibles riesgos asociados con el uso agrícola del insecticida metoxifenocida.
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