Monocotiledóneas y eudicotiledóneas seleccionadas como plantas huésped alternativas para promover poblaciones de artrópodos en arrozales
Resumen
Objetivo del estudio: Investigar la relación entre especies seleccionadas de plantas huésped alternativas y
la abundancia de artrópodos a lo largo del crecimiento de las plantas de arroz.
Área de estudio: Suroeste de Malasia (Melaka).
Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo el muestreo de artrópodos en cuatro parcelas de arroz, cada una con
cinco subparcelas de muestreo basadas en las plantas huésped alternativas seleccionadas: Chloris barbata
Sw., y Oryza sativa L. (monocotiledóneas); Ageratum conyzoides L., Spermacoce verticillata L. y
Euphorbia heterophylla L. (eudicotiledóneas). Se utilizaron trampas adhesivas amarillas, trampas de
recipiente amarillo y redes de barrido, realizándose el muestreo durante las etapas vegetativa, reproductiva
y madura del crecimiento del arroz. Se aplicaron análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y análisis de regresión para
determinar la diversidad y la relación entre las plantas huésped alternativas y los artrópodos.
Principales resultados: Se registraron un total de 2,227 individuos de artrópodos pertenecientes a
11 órdenes y subórdenes, 32 familias y 40 especies. Los resultados mostraron una fuerte correlación entre
las plantas huésped alternativas y las plagas (R²=0.965), los depredadores (R²=0.758) y otros insectos
(R²=0.987), mientras que se observó una correlación más débil con los parasitoides (R²=0.369). Las plagas
presentaron una disminución significativa en A. conyzoides (β = -0.725, P = 0.040) y S. verticillata
(β = -1.505, P = 0.034), mientras que hubo un aumento sustancial de su población en C. barbata (β = 1.854,
P = 0.026). Otros insectos mostraron un incremento significativo en O. sativa (β = 0.752, P = 0.030). Sin
embargo, los insectos depredadores y los parasitoides no mostraron tendencias poblacionales significativas
durante el período de muestreo en ninguna de las plantas huésped alternativas.
Aspectos destacados de la investigación: La siembra de plantas huésped alternativas en áreas de cultivo
de arroz puede atraer enemigos naturales de los insectos y mejorar las prácticas de Manejo Integrado de
Plagas en los arrozales.
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