Influencia de las proporciones de mezcla sobre el rendimiento y calidad del forraje de leguminosa-gramínea intercaladas como cultivo intermedio de invierno en condiciones de riego mediterráneo
Resumen
Objetivo del estudio: Evaluar el impacto de diferentes proporciones de mezcla de trébol alejandrino (Trifo-lium alexandrinum L.) con raigrás anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) en el rendimiento y calidad del forraje.
Área de estudio: En condiciones de clima mediterráno, con riego (Adana, Türkiye).
Material y métodos: Se realizaron experimentos de campo en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones durante las temporadas de cultivo 2019-2020 y 2020-2021. Las proporciones de mezcla evaluadas fueron: 1. 100% trébol alejandrino (ta) + 0% raigrás anual (ra), 2. 80% ta+20% ra, 3. 60% ta+40% ra, 4. 40% ta+60% ra, 5. 20% ta+80% ra, 6. 0% ta+100% ra.
Resultados principales: Las diferencias climáticas entre años afectaron significativamente el rendimiento y la calidad del forraje. Las mezclas de trébol alejandrino y raigrás anual produjeron mayores rendimientos de forraje que sus siembras puras. A medida que se incrementó la proporción de semilla de trébol alejandrino en la mezcla, la calidad del forraje (indicada por proteína cruda, fibra detergente ácida, fibra detergente neutra y valor relativo del alimento) aumentó, y la siembra pura de trébol alejandrino produjo forraje de mayor calidad.
Aspectos destacados de la investigación: Considerando los resultados obtenidos, se concluyó que la mezcla de 40% ta + 60% ra puede recomendarse a los productores como cultivo intermedio de invierno en condiciones ecológicas similares donde predomina el clima mediterráneo.
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