Efectos de Lactobacillus acidophilus y Spirulina platensis encapsulados en el rendimiento de crecimiento, metabolitos sanguíneos, morfología yeyunal y poblaciones microbianas ileales de los pollos de engorde sometidos a estrés por calor
Resumen
Objetivo del estudio: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los efectos de la encapsulación de Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) y Spirulina platensis (SP) sobre el rendimiento del crecimiento, los metabolitos sanguíneos, la morfología yeyunal y la mi-croflora intestinal de los pollos de engorde bajo estrés por calor.
Área de estudio: El trabajo se realizó en la Universidad de Jiroft, Irán.
Material y métodos: Un total de 240 pollos de engorde machos Ross 308 de un día de edad fueron asignados a seis tratamientos, con cuatro réplicas (10 aves cada una) por tratamiento. Los seis grupos dietéticos fueron los siguientes: (1) maíz-soja como dieta de control (Control), (2) dieta de control que incluye 0.02% de LA (LA), (3) dieta de control que incluye 1% de SP (SP), (4) dieta de control que incluye 0.02% de LA + 1% de SP (LA+SP), (5) dieta de control que incluye 0.02% de LA encapsulado (LA encapsula-do), y (6) dieta de control que incluye 0.02% de LA encapsulado y 1% de SP encapsulado (LA+SP encapsulado). Para inducir estrés térmico crónico, las aves fueron expuestas a una temperatura ambiente de 34 ± 2 °C durante 8 horas diarias (desde las 10:00 a.m. hasta las 6:00 p.m.) desde los 25 hasta los 42 días de edad. Al final del experimento, se seleccionaron aleatoriamente dos pollitos por jaula, y se evaluaron el rendimiento, los metabolitos en sangre, la morfología yeyunal y las poblaciones microbianas ileales.
Resultados principales: Todos los grupos experimentales tuvieron una mayor ingesta de alimento (IA), aumento de peso cor-poral (APC) y una menor relación de conversión alimenticia (RCA), en comparación con el control. La mayor IA y APC se obser-varon en aves alimentadas con LA+SP y LA+SP encapsulado (P˂0.05). El colesterol más bajo y la mayor actividad de la enzima glutatión peroxidasa en suero sanguíneo se observaron en el tratamiento LA+SP (P˂0.05). Los tratamientos dietéticos con LA, SP o ambos incrementaron significativamente la altura de las vellosidades, la profundidad de las criptas y la relación altura de vellosidad/ profundidad de cripta, y disminuyeron el ancho de las vellosidades en comparación con el control (P˂0.05). El efecto de los trata-mientos dietéticos sobre la comunidad microbiana ileal fue significativo, ya que los recuentos de Lactobacillus spp. aumentaron y los recuentos de Escherichia coli disminuyeron en todos los tratamientos dietéticos en comparación con el grupo control (P˂0.05). Aspectos destacados de la investigación: En general, añadir LA, SP, y una combinación de ambos, encapsulados o no en los alimentos para pollos de engorde, mitigó los efectos negativos del estrés térmico en el rendimiento del crecimiento, y mejoró los metabolitos sanguíneos, la morfología yeyunal y las poblaciones microbianas ileales de los pollos de engorde.
Aspectos destacados de la investigación: En general, añadir LA, SP, y una combinación de ambos, encapsulados o no en los alimentos para pollos de engorde, mitigó los efectos negativos del estrés térmico en el rendimiento del crecimiento, y mejoró los metabolitos sanguíneos, la morfología yeyunal y las poblaciones microbianas ileales de los pollos de engorde.
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