Efecto de aplicaciones foliares de antioxidantes en dos variedades de trigo egipcio cultivadas en condiciones salinas
Resumen
Objetivo del estudio: Este estudio evaluó los efectos de aplicaciones foliares de antioxidantes (ácido ascórbico, ácido salicílico y silicato de potasio) sobre el crecimiento, el rendimiento y la calidad del grano de dos cultivares de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivados en condiciones de suelo salino.
Área de estudio: Los experimentos se realizaron en la Estación de Investigación Agrícola de Sakha en la gobernación de Kafr El-Sheikh, Egipto, durante las temporadas de invierno de 2020/21 y 2021/22. El suelo era arcilloso pesado, muy salino y bajo en materia orgánica.
Material y métodos: Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar de dos factores con tres repeticiones. El factor A incluyó dos cultivares de trigo ʻMisr 3ʼ y ʻSakha 95ʼ. El factor B estuvo compuesto por cuatro tratamientos de aspersión foliar: control (agua destilada), 200 mg L-1 de ácido ascórbico, 200 mg L-1 de ácido salicílico y 300 mg L-1 de silicato de potasio. Las aspersiones foliares se aplicaron tres veces a los 15, 30 y 45 días después de la siembra. Los datos de crecimiento, rendimiento, calidad del grano, germinación y crecimiento de plántulas se analizaron mediante ANOVA de dos vías seguido de la prueba de Tukey (p ≤ 0,05).
Principales resultados: Las variables de crecimiento, porcentajes de grano, paja y fibra, así como el crecimiento de plántulas, fueron estadísticamente mayores en el cultivar ʻSakha 95ʼ en comparación con ʻMisr 3ʼ (p ≤ 0.05). En contraste, el cultivar ʻMisr 3ʼ exhibió significativamente mayor contenido de clorofila, gluten, carbohidratos, contenido de proteínas y porcentaje de germinación (p ≤ 0.05). El ácido ascórbico foliar mejoró significativamente todos los rasgos de crecimiento, rendimiento y calidad y logró un 100% de germinación y aumentó notablemente las variables de crecimiento de las plántulas en ambos cultivares, superando a todos los demás tratamientos (p ≤ 0.05).
Aspectos destacados de la investigación: El uso de ácido ascórbico como pulverización foliar podría ser un enfoque estratégico para mejorar la resiliencia contra el estrés salino en ambos cultivares de trigo locales mediante un mejor manejo del estrés oxidativo.
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