La incorporación a la dieta de una mezcla de enzimas fibrolíticas exógenas y ajenjo (Artemisia absinthium L.) mejora sinérgicamente la inmunidad y las características de la canal en las ovejas
Resumen
Objetivo del estudio: Evaluar los efectos de las enzimas fibrolíticas exógenas (EFE) y el ajenjo (Artemisia absinthium L.) (WH), añadidos individualmente y en combinación a la dieta de las ovejas, en las respuestas inmunitarias y las características de la canal in vivo. Área del estudio: Centro de Investigación de Montaña para Ovejas y Cabras, Srinagar, Jammu y Cachemira, India. Material y métodos: Se distribuyeron ovejas mestizas (n = 20) equitativamente en 4 grupos de alimentación a los que se les suministró raciones mixtas completas durante tres meses como alimento base (control), o con la adición de un cóctel de EFE y WH, ya sea individualmente a 6,0 g/kg (EFE) y 45,0 g/kg de materia seca (WH), respectivamente, o en combinación (EFE + WH), tras lo cual se realizaron las pruebas en los animales. Resultados principales: Los hidrocarburos monoterpénicos (acetato de crisantenilo y L-β-pineno) fueron los componentes bioactivos más abundantes encontrados en WH. En el ensayo de inmunidad humoral, las dietas suplementadas con WH (WH y EFE + WH) aumentaron (P < 0,01) los títulos medios de anticuerpos en diferentes días posteriores a la inmunización. De manera similar, la respuesta inmune mediada por células de las ovejas alimentadas con dietas suplementadas con WH fue mayor (P < 0,01) en promedio, así como en cada momento posterior al desafío. La ecografía reveló un área del músculo longissimus dorsi mayor (P < 0,05) y una mayor infiltración de grasa en el flanco, mientras que las mediciones biométricas corporales mostraron mayor altura a la cruz, circunferencia torácica (P < 0,05) y perímetro torácico (P < 0,01) en las ovejas del grupo EFE+WH en comparación con las del grupo control. El perímetro abdominal fue mayor (P < 0,01) en los grupos que recibieron EFE (EFE y EFE + WH) en comparación con el grupo control. Aspectos destacados de la investigación: La combinación dietética de EFE y WH podría potenciar sinérgicamente las características de la canal de las ovejas en comparación con la adición individual de cada componente, mientras que el WH modula de forma beneficiosa la respuesta inmunitaria, tanto si se incorpora solo como en combinación.
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