Resistencia a la sequía en una colección de trabajo de Pisum mediante un conjunto de índices matemáticos

Palabras clave: estrés abiótico, guisante, rendimiento, tolerancia, variedad

Resumen

Objetivo del estudio: El cultivo de variedades resistentes a la sequía representa uno de los principales retos a los que se enfrenta la agricultura moderna en el contexto del cambio climático actual. El guisante (Pisum sativum L.) se encuentra entre los cultivos de leguminosas más importantes que requieren nuevas fuentes resistentes al estrés para su cultivo en regiones o condiciones ecológicas y geográficas atípicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la posibilidad de utilizar índices matemáticos para evaluar la resistencia a la sequía, seleccionar los índices más prácticos para su uso y evaluar la resistencia a la sequía de las variedades de guisante.

Área de estudio: El estudio se llevó a cabo en la estepa forestal oriental de Ucrania.

Material y métodos: Se evaluó la resistencia a la sequía de 25 variedades de guisante durante un período de 13 años (2008-2020) utilizando 15 índices matemáticos.

Principales resultados: Los índices más precisos para evaluar la tolerancia a la sequía en variedades de guisante fueron identificados como el índice de resistencia a la sequía (DI), la media geométrica de productividad (GMP), el índice de tolerancia abiótica (ATI), el índice de tolerancia al estrés (TOL) y el porcentaje de reducción del rendimiento (PYR). Las variedades de guisante ‘Blahodatnyy’, ‘Gotik’, ‘Intensyvnyy 92’, ‘Kharkivskyy 302’, ‘Kharkivskyy 85’, ‘Kharkivskyy yantarnyy’, ‘Magnat’ y ‘Resonator’ se identificaron como resistentes a la sequía con una suma de índices superior a 75 y una alta productividad en años secos, superior a 1,5×103 kg/ha. La variedad ‘Blahodatnyy’ tuvo el mayor rendimiento en condiciones favorables (3,1×10³ kg/ha). También tuvo el mayor potencial (4,5×10³ kg/ha). Los indicadores de productividad más altos se observaron en la variedad ‘Kharkivsky 302’ en condiciones de estrés (1,9×10³ kg/ha), con el menor rango de variación entre condiciones favorables y estresantes (1,0×10³ kg/ha).

Aspectos destacados de la investigación: Las ocho variedades de guisante mencionadas anteriormente se han identificado como de gran importancia en el contexto del mejoramiento genético para la tolerancia a la sequía.

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Publicado
2025-12-29
Cómo citar
Vus, N., Vasylenko А., Shevchenko, L., Ponurenko , S., & Hliantsev , A. (2025). Resistencia a la sequía en una colección de trabajo de Pisum mediante un conjunto de índices matemáticos. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 23(3), 21563. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2025233-21563
Sección
Mejora vegetal, genética y recursos genéticos