Las alturas residuales alteran parámetros de producción de forraje y valor nutritivo del pasto elefante enano [Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone]

Palabras clave: compuestos químicos, estructura del dosel, manejo del pastoreo, pasto tropical, plasticidad fenotípica

Resumen

Objetivo del estudio: Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la altura residual adecuada para el pasto elefante enano [Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone] ʻBrs Kurumiʼ mediante la evaluación simultánea de su producción de forraje, composición morfológica y valor nutricional. Área de estudio: Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Material y métodos: El pasto elefante enano ‘Brs Kurumi’ fue evaluado durante cuatro temporadas de crecimiento consecutivas en un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con cinco tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos consistieron en alturas residuales de corte (20, 30, 40, 50 y 60 cm), con una altura objetivo de manejo de 80 cm. Se evaluaron la producción de forraje y su composición morfológica, la densidad poblacional de macollos basales y el valor nutricional. Resultados principales: Se destacó la relación entre los componentes morfológicos y el valor nutritivo. Las alturas residuales de corte entre 40 cm y 50 cm modificaron la estructura del pasto para equilibrar la cantidad [la producción total acumulada de materia seca osciló entre 8,242 kg/ha (40 cm) y 6,916 kg/ha (50 cm)], mientras que el valor nutritivo (contenido de proteína bruta) se mantuvo estable en 14.6% para ambas alturas. Aspectos destacados de la investigación: El pasto elefante enano ‘Brs Kurumi’ presentó cambios en la producción de forraje, la morfología y el valor nutricional según las alturas residuales de corte. En los niveles recomendados (50 cm y 40 cm, equivalentes al 60% y 50% de la altura objetivo), la forrajera respondió de forma similar a la perturbación, lo que sugiere que la plasticidad fenotípica de las plantas ayudó a equilibrar los componentes morfológicos y el valor nutritivo. Esto facilitó su adaptación a las alturas residuales impuestas y reflejó la capacidad de ‘Brs Kurumi’ para ajustar su crecimiento y la estructura del dosel, manteniendo una producción de forraje adecuada, una alta proporción de hojas y buen valor nutritivo.

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Publicado
2026-07-06
Cómo citar
Machado, J. M., Abbott-Rodrigues, D. P., Mantovani-Tolfo, A., Bandeira-Calgaro, A. L., Dos Santos-Pereira, A., Souza-Da Silva, I., Montagner, P., Pötter, L., De Albuquerque-Nunes, P. A., Bohrer-De Azevedo, E., & Cecchin-Silveira, D. (2026). Las alturas residuales alteran parámetros de producción de forraje y valor nutritivo del pasto elefante enano [Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone]. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 24(1), 21660. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2026241-21660
Sección
Producción vegetal