Unraveling the morpho-pathogenic and molecular variability of Exserohilum turcicum causing turcicum leaf blight in maize (Zea mays L.)
Resumen
Objetivo del estudio: Este estudio investigó la prevalencia, la diversidad morfológica, molecular y de haplotipos y la virulencia de los aislamientos de Exserohilum turcicum que causan la enfermedad del tizón foliar en el maíz.
Área de estudio: Nueve distritos productores de maíz de Bengala Occidental, India.
Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio itinerante para evaluar la prevalencia de la enfermedad (tizón foliar causada por E. turcicim) y recolectar muestras. La caracterización cultural y morfológica se realizó en medio de agar dextrosa de patata. La caracterización molecular consistió en el aislamiento de ADN genómico, seguido de la amplificación de las regiones ITS 1 y 4 y su secuenciación. Se realizó un estudio de virulencia en condiciones controladas en un invernadero.
Resultados principales: Los estudios itinerantes realizados durante la temporada Rabi 2020-2021 revelaron una severidad variable de la enfermedad en las distintas regiones productoras de maíz. La caracterización cultural y morfológica de quince aislamientos mostró una diversidad significativa en las características de las colonias y los patrones de esporulación. La caracterización molecular y el análisis filogenético dieron como resultado una agrupación geográfica de los aislamientos y una alta diversidad genética, representando cada aislamiento un haplotipo único. Las evaluaciones de virulencia destacaron la variabilidad en el índice de virulencia entre los aislamientos, lo que sugiere diversos perfiles de virulencia.
Aspectos destacados de la investigación: Esta investigación avanza significativamente en nuestra comprensión de la gravedad de la enfermedad, la diversidad genética y los mecanismos de patogenicidad, proporcionando información valiosa para ayudar en futuras investigaciones para comprender los factores genéticos que contribuyen a la variación de la virulencia y desarrollar medidas efectivas de control de la enfermedad.
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