Evaluación y simulación de la productividad hídrica de los cultivos en diferentes condiciones de humedad del suelo en campos de regadío
Resumen
Objetivo del estudio: Evaluar y simular la productividad del agua de los cultivos (CWP) en diferentes condiciones de humedad del suelo en campos irrigados. Área de estudio: El estudio se llevó a cabo en el sistema de riego de Bontanga en la región norte de Ghana. Material y métodos: El experimento se diseñó en bloques completos aleatorios. Se seleccionaron tres bloques de riego. Cada bloque contaba con dos parcelas de chile y dos de okra, de modo que cada cultivo estuviera sujeto a condiciones de estrés hídrico y sin estrés hídrico mediante riego por surcos. Al final de la temporada de crecimiento, se utilizaron los datos recopilados sobre el rendimiento del cultivo y la cantidad de agua aplicada para estimar el CWP. Se aplicó el modelo AquaCrop para simular el CWP en condiciones de estrés hídrico y sin estrés hídrico. Resultados principales: Los resultados revelaron que, manteniendo un contenido de humedad volumétrica ideal del 15,4 al 22 % en suelos franco arenosos, se pueden alcanzar valores de CWP de 2,08 y 1,40 kg m-3 para la okra y el chile, respectivamente. Sin embargo, en condiciones de estrés hídrico con un contenido de humedad volumétrica en el rango de 12 a 15,4 %, los resultados simulados mostraron que el CWP podría caer a 1,82 y 1,34 kg m-3 para el quingombó y el chile, respectivamente. Aspectos destacados de la investigación: El estudio destaca la importancia de la gestión de la humedad del suelo en los campos agrícolas para mejorar la CWP. Estos esfuerzos ayudarán a implementar estrategias de gestión sostenible del agua destinadas a maximizar el rendimiento de los cultivos por gota de agua en condiciones climáticas cambiantes, apoyando así los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) 2, 6 y 13.
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