Respuesta del crecimiento de la cebada a la aplicación combinada a corto plazo de fangos de depuradora y fertilización convencional
Resumen
Objetivo del estudio: Las pérdidas agrícolas de nitrógeno derivadas de fertilizantes sintéticos afectan significativamente el sistema suelo–planta–agua. El uso de fangos de depuradora (SS) como fertilizante constituye una alternativa sostenible y rentable, orientada a reducir la dependencia de fertilizantes químicos y, al mismo tiempo, mejorar la productividad de los cultivos. Área del estudio: La investigación se llevó a cabo en el Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Ingeniería Rural, Agua y Bosques (Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural, Eau et Forêt - INRGREF), Túnez. Material y métodos: Se realizó un experimento en invernadero utilizando rizotrones para evaluar el impacto de la aplicación de SS solos (T3: 100 % del N SS) o combinados con tres niveles de fertilización mineral (MF) (T4: 30 % N MF + 70 % N SS; T5: 50 % N MF + 50 % N SS; y T6: 70 % N MF + 30 % N SS) sobre el crecimiento y la producción de la cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.), en comparación con la aplicación exclusiva de MF (T2) y un control sin fertilización (T1). Resultados principales: Los fangos de depuradora, aplicados solos o en combinación con MF, promovieron significativamente el macollamiento y el crecimiento aéreo en comparación con el control y las plantas fertilizadas únicamente con fertilizantes químicos. El número de macollos aumentó hasta un 90 % y el 56 % en el tratamiento T4, en comparación con T1 y T2, respectivamente. La producción de biomasa también fue mayor en los tratamientos con lodos. La mayor acumulación de biomasa aérea se observó en T4 y T3, con incrementos del 119 % y 78 % respecto a T1 y T2, respectivamente. Aspectos destacados de la investigación: Cuando se aplican en estricto cumplimiento de las normativas vigentes, los fangos de depuradora presentan un valor agronómico significativo, al mejorar el rendimiento y la productividad de la biomasa forrajera a menor costo y reducir, al mismo tiempo, la dependencia de fertilizantes sintéticos.
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