Evaluación de la sensibilidad de la sostenibilidad global con diferentes métodos de índice compuesto: aplicación al sector de los cereales en Cataluña
Resumen
Objetivo del estudio: La visión de futuro de la agricultura debe volverse más eficiente y sostenible para hacer frente a los múltiples desafíos que enfrenta. Este estudio analiza la sensibilidad de las evaluaciones de sostenibilidad con diferentes metodologías de construcción de índices compuestos. Área de estudio: Comparamos cinco enfoques distintos para la construcción de un índice compuesto de sostenibilidad (ICS), utilizando datos de la Red de Información Contable Agraria (RICA)-UE entre 2012 y 2022. Las dimensiones ambiental, económica y social se incorporan para proporcionar evaluaciones integrales de sostenibilidad en la agricultura cerealista de Cataluña, España. Material y métodos: A través de regresiones de mínimos cuadrados generalizados con efectos aleatorios y un análisis de sensibilidad basado en varianza, demostramos que las elecciones metodológicas influyeron significativamente en los resultados de sostenibilidad, siendo algunos métodos más robustos y coherentes teóricamente que otros. Nuestro análisis operó dentro del paradigma de sostenibilidad débil utilizando métodos de agregación aditiva. Resultados principales: Nuestros hallazgos revelaron que la ponderación por expertos produjo resultados notablemente similares a la ponderación equitativa en este contexto, mientras que el análisis factorial con normalización min-max ofreció los resultados más coherentes desde una perspectiva teórica. El análisis de componentes principales proporcionó una gran estabilidad estadística, pero presentó limitaciones para la aplicación con datos cuantitativos. Aspectos destacados de la investigación: Este estudio proporciona la primera integración sistemática del análisis de sensibilidad basado en varianza con validación econométrica para índices de sostenibilidad agrícola, desarrollando un marco cuantitativo de puntuación de robustez que permite la selección de métodos basada en evidencia. Los conocimientos metodológicos contribuyen a mejorar la transparencia y confiabilidad en la evaluación de sostenibilidad agrícola dentro del marco de sostenibilidad débil.
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