La luz solar y la iluminación LED y HPS modulan la respuesta de Bacillus mycoides al estrés por sombra en raigrás perenne
Resumen
Objetivo del estudio: Investigar los efectos combinados de las tecnologías de iluminación suplementaria, diodo emisor de luz (LED) y sodio de alta presión (HPS), los cultivares de raigrás perenne, y la inoculación con Bacillus mycoides en el establecimiento temprano del césped bajo condiciones de sombra similares a las de un estadio, abordando los plazos críticos de renovación en recintos deportivos profesionales. Área de estudio: Instalaciones de invernadero en la Escuela Vocacional de Bayındır de la Universidad de Ege, Izmir, Turquía. Material y métodos: Tres cultivares de raigrás perenne, Lolium perenne L. ‘Presidian’, Lolium perenne L. ‘Apple SGL’ y Lolium × boucheanum Kunth. ‘Solstice II’, se cultivaron en arena lavada (0–2 mm) bajo cuatro ambientes lumínicos: luz solar, 70% de sombra, sombra + LED y sombra + HPS. La cepa BM02 de B. mycoides se aplicó a una dosis de 2 L ha⁻¹ en la mitad de los tratamientos. Ambos sistemas de iluminación suplementaria proporcionaron 100 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ de densidad de flujo fotónico fotosintético. Los parámetros medidos incluyeron cobertura del tapiz, tasa de crecimiento, desarrollo radicular, índice de color verde oscuro (DGCI) y contenido de clorofila durante cinco semanas, utilizando un diseño factorial 4 × 3 × 2 con cuatro repeticiones. Resultados principales: Las interacciones significativas de tres factores dominaron todas las variables de respuesta. La sombra produjo el rendimiento más bajo en todos los parámetros. La iluminación LED alcanzó una cobertura del tapiz cercana a los niveles de luz solar (43.5–51.2% frente a 48.6–57.3%), mientras que HPS resultó en una cobertura significativamente menor (20.2–28.3%) a pesar de promover el crecimiento vertical. Bacillus mycoides incrementó la cobertura del tapiz (5.8–21.3%) y el peso fresco radicular (23.4–28.5%) bajo iluminación suplementaria, pero redujo la cobertura del tapiz (11.3–12.8%) y el índice de color verde oscuro (DGCI) (11.3–24.2%) bajo condiciones de luz solar. Aspectos destacados de la investigación: La iluminación LED proporciona resultados superiores en el establecimiento con un ahorro energético del 40% en comparación con HPS. Los beneficios de B. mycoides se maximizan bajo condiciones de estrés más que en ambientes óptimos.
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