La reiteración de la biodesinfección controla la incidencia de la podredumbre radicular y del cuello del pimiento causada por Phytophthora y mejora la calidad del suelo
Resumen
La podredumbre radicular y del cuello causada por Phytophthora es una enfermedad que genera importantes pérdidas económicas en cultivos de pimiento en invernadero. En una región de clima templado (norte de España) se realizó ensayo en invernadero para evaluar la reiteración de tratamientos de biodesinfección después de tres ciclos de cultivo consecutivos con diferentes enmiendas orgánicas (mezcla no-compostada de estiércol de oveja y gallinaza, mezcla semicompostada de estiércol de caballo y gallinaza, pellets deshidratados de Brassica carinata más Sinapis alba como abono verde fresco) sobre la incidencia de la enfermedad, la producción y la calidad del suelo. La biodesinfección mejoró las propiedades hídricas del suelo al reducir la densidad aparente y aumentar la infiltración. Los suelos biodesinfectados mostraron valores más altos en las propiedades físico-químicas y microbianas que los suelos control (no tratado) y acolchado con plástico. En las enmiendas no-compostada y semicompostada, los valores más altos de actividad microbiana estuvieron fuertemente relacionados con un aumento en la biomasa microbiana. La biodesinfección con Brassica-Sinapis tuvo menor efecto sobre las propiedades del suelo que con ambas enmiendas animales. No obstante, los recuentos de bacterias totales, actinomicetos y Pseudomonas spp. fueron más altos en los suelos tratados con Brassica-Sinapis. La biodesinfección reiterada para controlar la podredumbre radicular y del cuello causada por Phytophthora en cultivos de pimiento en invernadero en regiones de clima templado, puede mejorar la calidad del suelo y su supresividad, así como reducir dosis de enmienda requerida. La enmienda semicompostada fue la mejor en disminuir la incidencia de enfermedad.Descargas
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