Micorrizas arbusculares, poblaciones de microbios rizosféricos y actividades enzimáticas del suelo en huertos de cítricos bajo dos tipos de manejo de suelos sin labranza
Resumen
Se investigó en huertos de mandarino Satsuma injertado sobre Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf el estado de las micorrizas arbusculares (AM) [colonización total de AM (RLT), % de longitud de la raíz con arbúsculos (RLA) y vesículas (RLV), densidad de esporas y de hifas], las poblaciones microbianas y las actividades enzimáticas del suelo. En estos huertos se emplea dos tipos de gestión del suelo sin labranza, uno mediante cubierta de césped natural y otro mediante uso de herbicidas. La colonización de AM en la raíz de los cítricos fue alta (37,26-70,09%) en todos los huertos muestreados. Se observó el mayor RLA (43,83%), densidad de esporas (384,63 esporas/100 g de suelo), densidad de longitud de hifas (4,09 m g–1 de suelo), poblaciones microbianas rizosféricas y actividades enzimáticas en los huertos con cubierta de césped natural. En las capas del suelo hasta los 40 cm, la densidad de las esporas y de las hifas, y la actividad de la catalasa y de la fosfatasa variaron notablemente entre los dos tratamientos. Un análisis de correlación mostró que la densidad de las hifas y la materia orgánica estaban significativamente correlacionadas. Las actividades enzimáticas del suelo, a excepción de la fosfatasa, estuvieron fuertemente correlacionadas con las poblaciones de bacterias. Por lo tanto, la no labranza y el establecimiento de una cobertura de césped beneficia la calidad del suelo en estos huertos de cítricos en el sur de China.Descargas
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