Impactos del cambio climático sobre la huella hídrica de la producción de trigo de primavera: el caso de un distrito de riego en China

  • S. K. Sun Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling
  • P. T. Wu Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
  • Y. B. Wang Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid regions of China, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
  • X. N. Zhao Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
Palabras clave: aguas subterráneas, aguas superficiales, consumo de agua en la agricultura, huella hídrica, distrito de riego Hetao, precipitación efectiva, Triticum aestivum

Resumen

Es de esperar que los impactos potenciales del cambio climático redefinan los patrones de oferta y demanda de agua para la agricultura. Por ello es esencial la evaluación del impacto del cambio climático sobre este consumo y en esta evaluación el estudio de la huella hídrica ofrece nuevas alternativas. Este trabajo analiza los impactos del cambio climático sobre la huella hídrica de trigo de primavera en el Distrito de Riego Hetao, China, entre 1980 y 2009. Los resultados indican que: 1) la necesidad de agua de los cultivos y el requerimiento de agua de riego del trigo de primavera presentó una tendencia a la baja, debido a la variación de los factores climáticos en el período de estudio; 2) bajo la influencia combinada del aumento de rendimiento de los cultivos y la disminución en la evapotranspiración del cultivo, la huella hídrica disminuyó durante el período de estudio, tendiendo a 0,025 m3 kg-1 año-1, 3) la tasa de contribución total de los factores climáticos en la disminución de la huella hídrica de trigo de primavera durante el período de estudio fue sólo -10,45%. Estos resultados sugieren que, en gran medida, la huella hídrica de un cultivo está más determinada por la gestión agrícola que por el agro-clima de la región y sus variaciones. Sin embargo, debemos prestar atención a la adaptación de estrategias eficaces para minimizar el riesgo provocado por el cambio climático en la producción agrícola.

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Publicado
2012-09-25
Cómo citar
Sun, S. K., Wu, P. T., Wang, Y. B., & Zhao, X. N. (2012). Impactos del cambio climático sobre la huella hídrica de la producción de trigo de primavera: el caso de un distrito de riego en China. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(4), 1176-1187. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2012104-3004
Sección
Gestión del agua