Variaciones diurnas de las relaciones hídricas de limoneros bajo déficit hídrico durante el período de crecimiento del fruto
Resumen
Limoneros (Citrus limon (l.) Burm. fil. CV Fino) fueron sometidos a diferentes tratamientos de riego por goteo: un tratamiento control (T0), regado diariamente por encima de los requerimientos de agua del cultivo a fin de obtener condiciones no limitantes de agua en el suelo, y dos tratamientos de riego deficitario, reduciendo el agua aplicada en base a dos valores umbrales de intensidad de señal de la máxima contracción diaria del tronco (MDS) (MDS actual/ MDS tratamiento control): 1.25 (tratamiento T1) y 1.35 (tratamiento T2), los cuales indujeron dos niveles diferentes de estrés. En cuatro ocasiones durante el período de crecimiento del limón se estudiaron las variaciones diarias del potencial hídrico foliar (Yhoja) y del tallo (Ytallo), conductancia foliar, fotosíntesis neta, flujo de savia (SF) y fluctuaciones del diámetro del tronco. Los Yhoja y Ytallo mostraron un patrón diurno en respuesta a los cambios en la demanda evaporativa de la atmósfera. Ambos potenciales hídricos disminuyeron en respuesta al déficit hídrico, siendo el descenso más pronunciado en los árboles del tratamiento T2. El Ytallo demostró ser mejor indicador de estado hídrico de la planta que el Yhoja. La diferencia entre los dos valores de Y (Ytallo- Yhoja = DY) resultó estrechamente correlacionada con el flujo de savia y parece ser una medida adecuada de la transpiración foliar. La pendiente de dicha relación permite estimar la conductancia hidráulica de la canopia. Cuando otros indicadores basados en medidas continuas no son accesibles, la medida simultánea del potencial de hoja y tallo al mediodía, que son relativamente baratos y fáciles de usar, actúan como buenos indicadores del estado hídrico del limonero Fino.
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