Phytotoxic effects of Euphorbia dracunculoides: a weed of rainfed chickpea-chickpea cropping system
Abstract
Phytotoxic effect occurs when plants release chemicals that inhibit neighoubouring plants. Phytotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of different parts of Euphorbia dracunculoides L. (green spurge) at two concentrations, and its infested soil were investigated on germination and seedling growth of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The fruit extract at 1:20 (w/v) concentration caused maximum reduction (12%) in germination of chickpea seeds while leaf extract at 1:10 (w/v)
concentration resulted in maximum mean germination time value and minimum germination index of chickpea seeds. All the traits of chickpea seedling growth including emergence were adversely affected by the aqueous extracts at both
concentrations. Further, the inhibition of chickpea seedling growth was more pronounced with 1:10 (w/v) concentration
whereas the lower concentration (1:20 w/v) showed stimulatory effect on shoot length, seedling vigor index and chlorophyll contents of chickpea seedlings. The leaf extract at 1:10 (w/v) concentration proved most harmful to seedling growth and chlorophyll contents (76% reduction) of chickpea. Soil beneath the E. dracunculoides plants significantly reduced emergence (23%), seedling vigor index (55%) and chlorophyll content (19%) of chickpea but a significant increase in N (6%), P (16%) and K (4%) contents of chickpea seedlings was recorded. Thus it can be concluded that E. dracunculoides contains compounds in its tissues which may cause phytotoxic effects on chickpea under field conditions.
Downloads
References
Abdul-Baki A.A., Anderson J.D., 1973. Relationship between decarboxylation of glutamic acid and vigour in soybean seed. Crop Sci 13, 222-226. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1973.0011183X001300020023x
Ahmad R., Uddin M.B., Khan M.A.S.A., Mukul S.A., Hossain M.K., 2007. Allelopathic effects of Lantana camara on germination and growth behaviour of some agricultural crops in Bangladesh. J For Res 18, 301-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11676-007-0060-6
Alsaadawi I.S., Sakeri F.A.K., Al-Dulaimy S.M., 1990. Allelopathic inhibition of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. and other plant species by Euphorbia prostrata L. J Chem Ecol 16, 2747-2451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988083
AOSA, 1983. Seed vigor testing hand book. Contribution No. 32 to the handbook on seed testing. Association of Official Seed Analysis, Springerfield, IL, USA.
AOSA, 1990. Rules for testing seeds. J Seed Technol 12, 1- 112.
Arnon D.I., 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol 24, 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.24.1.1 PMid:16654194 PMCid:437905
Ashraf M.Y., Khan A.H., Azmi A.R., 1992. Cell membrane stability and its relation with some physiological process in wheat. Acta Agron Hung 41, 183-191.
Aziz A., Tanveer A., Ali A., Yasin M., Babar B.H., Nadeem M.A., 2008. Allelopathic effect of cleavers (Galium aparine) on germination and early growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Allelopathy J 22, 25-34.
Batish D.R., Lavanya K., Singh H.P., Kohli R.K., 2007a. Phenolic allelochemicals released by Chenopodium murale affect the growth, nodulation and macromolecule content in chickpea and pea. Plant Growth Regul 51, 119-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10725-006-9153-z
Batish D.R., Lavanya K., Singh H.P., Kohli R.K., 2007b. Root-mediated allelopathic interference of nettleleaved goosefoot (Chenopodium murale) on wheat (Triticum aestivum). J Agron Crop Sci 193, 37-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2006.00243.x
Boby G., Kaushik D., Baruah K.K., 2002. Allelopathic effects of some weeds on growth and yield of direct seeded upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian J Plant Physiol 7, 119-125.
Channappagoudar B.B., Jalager B.R., Biradar N.R., 2005. Allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of weed species on germination and seedling growth of some crops. Karnataka J Agri Sci 18, 916-920.
Dongre P.N., Singh A.K., Chaube K.S., 2004. Allelopathic effects of weed leaf leachates on seed germination of black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.). Allelopathy J 14, 65-70.
Ellis R.A., Roberts E.H., 1981. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Sci Technol 9, 373-409.
Hamayun M., Hussain F., Afzal S., Ahmad N., 2005. Allelopathic effects of Cyperus rotundus and Echinochloa crus-galli on seed germination and plumule and radicle growth in maize (Zea mays L.). Pak J Weed Sci Res 11, 81-84.
Kil B.S., Yun K.W., 1992. Allelopathic effects of water extracts of Artemesia princeps var. Orientalis on selected plant species. J Chem Ecol 18, 1933-1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00997163
Macías F.A., Galindo J.C.G., Molinillo J.M.G., Cutler H.G., 2004. Allelopathy: chemistry and mode of action of allelochemicals. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Michelsen A., Schmidt I.K., Jonasson S., Dighton J., Jones H.E., Callaghan T.V., 1995. Inhibition of growth and effects on nutrient uptake of arctic graminoids by leaf extracts allelopathy or resource competition between plants and microbes. J Oecologia, 103, 407-418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328678
Mishra J., Swain S.D., Singh V.P., 2001. Allelopathic effect of Asphodelus tenuifolius on wheat, mustard, lentil and chickpea. Pestology 25, 48-50.
Mochizuki N., Brusslan J.A., Larkin R., Nagatani A., CHORY J., 2001. Arabidopsis genomes uncoupled 5 (GUN5) mutant reveals the involvement of Mg-chelatase H subunit in plastid-to-nucleus signal transduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98, 2053-2058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.98.4.2053 PMid:11172074 PMCid:29380
Narwal S.S., 2004. Allelopathy in crop production. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India.
Shaukat S.S., Tajuddin Z., Siddiqui I.A., 2003. Allelopathic potential of Launaea procumbens (Roxb.) Rammaya and Rajgopal: a tropical weed. Pak J Biol Sci6, 225-230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2003.225.230
Shukla A.K., Prasad S., Srivastava S.K., Singh S.P., Singh R.P., 2003. Allelopathic effect of thatch grass (Imperata cylindrica L.) on various kharif and rabi season crops and weeds. Indian J Weed Sci 35, 163-166.
Solh M.B., Pala M., 1990. Weed control in chickpea. Opt Mediterr-SerSemin 9, 93-99.
Steel R.G.D., Torrie J.H., Dicky D., 1997. Principles and procedures of statistics. Multiple comparision, 3rd ed. McGraw Hill Book Co, NY, USA. 178 pp.
Tanveer A., Malik M.A., Cheema Z.A., Ali A., Tahir M., 1998. Effect of different levels of weed management on weed growth and grain yield of gram (Cicer arietinum L.). Pak J Sci 50, 60-62.
Tanveer A., Tahir M., Nadeem M.A., Younis M., Aziz A., Yaseen M., 2008. Allelopathic effects of Xanthium strumarium L. on seed germination and seedling growth of crops. Allelopathy J 21, 317-328.
Tanveer A., Rehman A., Javaid M.M., Abbas R.N., Sibtain M., Ahmad A.U.H., Ibin-I-Zamir M.S., Chaudhary K.M., Ahsan A., 2010. Allelopathic potential of Euphorbia helioscopia L. against wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.). Turk J Agric For 34, 75-81.
Weston L.A., Duke S.O., 2003. Weed and crop allelopathy. Crit Rev Plant Sci 22, 367-389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713610861
Wolf B., 1982. The comprehensive system of leaf analysis and its use for diagnosing crop nutrient status. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 13, 1035-1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103628209367332
Xingxiang G.A.O., Mei L.I., Zongjun G.A.O., Changsong L.I., Zuowen S.U.N., 2009. Allelopathic effects of Hemistepta lyrata on the germination and growth of wheat, sorghum, cucumber, rape, and radish seeds. Weed Biol Manag 9, 243-249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-6664.2009.00345.x
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the print and online versions of this journal are the property of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. You may read the basic information and the legal text of the licence. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 licence must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the final version of the work produced by the publisher, is not allowed.
