Análisis de divergencia genética y estructura poblacional de accesiones de judía del Himalaya Garhwal
Resumen
Objetivo del estudio: Recolección de accesiones de judía de diferentes aldeas de la región del Himalaya de Garhwal y evaluación de su diversidad genética.
Área de estudio: Se realizaron ensayos de campo en New Tehri, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand y el trabajo de laboratorio se realizó en el laboratorio departamental de Ciencia y Tecnología de Semillas, Universidad HNB Garhwal, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India.
Material y métodos: Se recolectaron 176 muestras de judía de diferentes aldeas de Garhwal Himalayas. Se utilizaron catorce rasgos cuantitativos y diez cualitativos para evaluar la diversidad morfológica y, para la diversidad molecular, se utilizaron veinte cebadores SSR.
Principales resultados: Se observó menor variación en la varianza genotípica y fenotípica en los diferentes parámetros estudiados, lo que indica que la variación y expresión de los rasgos observados se deben principalmente a factores genéticos. El análisis de componentes principales reveló que los 15 rasgos medidos cuantitativamente se han cargado en cinco componentes; sin embargo, la mayor parte de la variación (45.38 %) en el germoplasma de judía se explicó por los dos primeros componentes. Se puntuaron 293 alelos mediante marcadores SSR para las accesiones estudiadas. El modelo de agrupamiento bayesiano implementado en el software STRUCTURE, en el nivel primario (K = 2) indica claramente la presencia de un acervo genético tanto mesoamericano como andino. Sin embargo, el acervo genético mesoamericano fue predominante. El alelo/loci promedio fue 4.25 y 32.38 para el acervo genético andino y mesoamericano, respectivamente.
Conclusiones: Todas las accesiones se dividieron en acervo genético mesoamericano y andino. El acervo genético mesoamericano representa la gran mayoría. El acervo genético andino pertenece a mayor altitud, mientras que el acervo genético mesoamericano pertenece tanto a mayor como a menor altitud. Aproximadamente 21 accesiones mostraron superioridad agronómica.
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