Efectos del genotipo y el año de cosecha en las propiedades fitoquímicas y de calidad de la fruta de genotipos turcos de higuera

  • O. Çalişkan Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mustafa Kemal, 31034 Antakya, Hatay
  • A. A. Polat Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mustafa Kemal, 31034 Antakya, Hatay
Palabras clave: año de la cosecha, capacidad antioxidante, caracteres frutales, color del fruto, Ficus carica, genotipo

Resumen

Este trabajo se llevó a cabo para determinar los efectos que producen distintos genotipos turcos de higuera cultivados en la región mediterránea del este de Turquía sobre los caracteres fitoquímicos y de calidad de la fruta (como peso del fruto, ancho del fruto, longitud del cuello del fruto, sólidos solubles totales (TSS), pH, acidez y TSS/acidez). También se determinaron los fenoles totales (TP), antocianinas totales (TA), capacidad antioxidante (TAC), fructosa (FRUC), glucosa (GLUC), sacarosa (SUC) y las variables que describe la piel del fruto y colores de su carne (L*, a*, C y hº). El análisis de los datos obtenidos con 12 genotipos en tres años de cultivo demostró que hay una influencia altamente significativa del genotipo sobre los caracteres fitoquímicos y de calidad de la fruta. ˈBursa Siyahıˈ, que tiene la piel del fruto negro oscuro, tuvo los niveles de TA más altos (113,6 μg de cianidina-3-rutinósido g-1 peso fresco), TP (105,2 mg GAE/100 g peso fresco) y TAC (10,9 mmol Fe2+ kg-1 peso fresco). Las tres medias anuales del peso del fruto variaron entre 22,8 g ('Sarı İncir') y 57,5 g ('Bursa Siyahı'), y el ancho del ostiolo varió entre 0,9 mm ('Bursa Siyahı') y 3,7 mm (31-IN-16). Los contenidos de TP (r=0,77) estuvieron moderadamente correlacionados con los de TAC, más que con los de TA (r=0,56). Tanto FRUC como SUC se correlacionaron negativamente con TA (r= -0,34 y r= -0,42, respectivamente). Estos datos demuestran que el genotipo es el que más influencia tiene sobre los caracteres fitoquímicos y de calidad de los higos.

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Biografía del autor/a

O. Çalişkan, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mustafa Kemal, 31034 Antakya, Hatay
Horticulture

Citas

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Publicado
2012-10-09
Cómo citar
Çalişkan, O., & Polat, A. A. (2012). Efectos del genotipo y el año de cosecha en las propiedades fitoquímicas y de calidad de la fruta de genotipos turcos de higuera. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(4), 1048-1058. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2012104-2652
Sección
Mejora vegetal, genética y recursos genéticos