Replacing soybean meal with micronized soybeans in starter piglet diets and their residual effects during growing and finishing phases
Abstract
Aim of study: To assess the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with micronized soybean (MS) on the digestibility (Experiment I) and performance (Experiment II) of piglets in the starter phase and its residual effects on the growing/finishing phases and carcass and meat quality traits
Area of study: São Paulo, Brazil.
Materials and methods: The treatments consisted of different levels of dietary replacement of SBM with MS at intervals of 25%, totaling five inclusions (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%).
Main results: In Exp. I, the administration of the pre-starter I diet resulted in a positive linear effect (p<0.05) on the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of crude protein and a quadratic effect (p<0.01) on the ADCs of dry matter and crude fat. For the pre-starter II diet, there was a quadratic effect on the ADCs of dry matter and crude fat (p<0.05). For the starter diet, a negative linear effect on the ADC of dry matter was observed (p<0.01). In Exp. II, the feed intake and weight gain decreased linearly throughout the starter phase (p<0.01), while no significant difference (p>0.05) in feed conversion was observed with increasing inclusion level of MS.
Research highlights: Replacing SBM with MS in the starter diet did not influence performance during the growing and finishing phases. Meat quality was not affected but a lower retail cut weight were observed in animals fed a starter diet with higher levels of MS.
Downloads
References
Adeola O, 2001. Digestion and balance techniques in pigs. In: Swine nutrition; Lewis AJ & Southern LL. CRC Press, NY. pp: 903-916. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420041842.ch40
Adeola O, Cowieson AJ, 2011. Opportunities and challenges in using exogenous enzymes to improve nonruminant animal production. J Anim Sci 89: 3189-3218. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3715
Agunbiade JA, Wiseman J, Cole DJA, 1992. Utilization of dietary energy and nutrients from soya bean products by growing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Tech 36: 303-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(92)90064-D
AMSA, 2012. Meat color measurement guidelines. American Meat Science Association, Illinois, USA, 124 pp. https://meatscience.org/docs/default-source/publications-resources/hot-topics/2012_12_meat_clr_guide.pdf?sfvrsn=d818b8b3_0
AOAC, 2006. Official methods of analysis, 18th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Azain MJ, 2001. Fat in swine nutrition. In: Swine nutrition; Lewis AJ & Southern LL. CRC Press, NY. pp: 95-106. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420041842.ch6
Berrocoso JD, Cámara L, Rebollar PG, Guzmán P, Mateos GG, 2014. Influence of source and micronization of soya bean meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and ileal mucosal morphology of Iberian piglets. Anim 8: 555-564. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731113002449
Bridi AM, Oliveira AR, Da Fonseca NA, Coutinho LL, Hoshi EH, Borosky JC, Silva CA, 2008. Effects of ractopamine and gender on growth performance and carcass quality of swine with different halothane genotypes. Semin Cienc Agrar 29: 713-722. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2008v29n3p713
Costa OAD, Feddern V, Athayde NB, Manzke NE, Roça RO, Lopes LS, Lima GJMM, 2018. Ractopamine supplementation improves leanness and carcass yield, minimally affecting pork quality in immunocastrated pigs. Sci Agric 75: 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2016-0321
De Coca-Sinova A, Valencia DG, Jiménez-Moreno E, González-Alvarado JM, Lázaro R, Mateos GG, 2008. Apparent ileal digestibility of nitrogen, amino acids, and energy of soybean meals from different origins in broilers. Poult Sci 87: 2613-2623. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2008-00182
Garbossa CAP, Sousa RV, Cantarelli VS, Pimenta MES, Zangeronimo MG, Silveira H, Kuribayashi TH, Cerqueira LGS, 2013. Ractopamine levels on growth performance, carcass characteristics and quality of pig meat. R Bras Zootec 42: 325-333. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982013000500004
Jha R, Berrocoso JD, 2015. Review: Dietary fiber utilization and its effects on physiological functions and gut health of swine. Anim 9: 1441-1452. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731115000919
Latorre MA, Lázaro R, Valencia DG, Medel P, Mateos GG, 2004. The effects of gender and slaughter weight on the growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality characteristics of heavy pigs. J Anim Sci 82: 526-533. https://doi.org/10.2527/2004.822526x
Lee CA, Yun W, Lee JH, Kwak WG, Oh HJ, An JS, Liu SD, Cho JH, 2019. Effects of artificial sweeteners on feed palatability and growth performance in weaned pigs. Can J Anim Sci 99: 307-314. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2018-0143
NRC, 2012. Nutrient requirements of swine, 11th ed. National Research Council, Nat Acad Press, Washington DC, 420 pp.
Peinado J, Medel P, Fuentetaja A, Mateos GG, 2008. Influence of sex and castration of females on growth performance and carcass and meat quality of heavy pigs destined for dry-cured industry. J Anim Sci 86: 1410-1417. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-807
Pekas JC. 1968. Versatible swine laboratory apparatus for physiologic and metabolic studies. J Anim Sci 27: 1303-1306. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1968.2751303x
Pierozan CR, Agostini PS, Gasa J, Novais AK, Dias CP, Santos RSK, Pereira Jr M, Nagi JG, Alves JB, Silva CA, 2016. Factors affecting the daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio of pigs in grow finishing units: The case of a company. Porc Health Manag 2: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-016-0023-4
Rostagno HS, Albino LFT, Donzele JL, Gomes PC, Oliveira RF, Lopes DC, Ferreira AS, Barreto SLT, Euclides RF, 2011. Tabelas Brasileiras para Aves e Suínos: composição de Alimentos e Exigências Nutricionais. 3rd ed., Editora UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, 252 pp.
SINDIRAÇÕES, 2013. Compêndio brasileiro de alimentação animal. Sindicato Nacional da Indústria de Alimentação Animal, CBNA/SDR/MAPA, Campinas, 765 pp. https://sindiracoes.org.br/compendio-brasileiro-de-alimentacao-animal-2013/
Solà-Oriol D, Roura E, Torrallardona D, 2009. Feed preference in pigs: Relationship with feed particle size and texture. J Anim Sci 87: 571-582. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-0951
Szmigielski M, Wesolowska-Janczarek M, Szczepanik M, 2010. Determination of trypsin inhibitor activity of microwave-heated bean seeds using bromocresole purple index (BCPI). Pol J Food Nutr Sci 60: 329-333.
Trindade Neto MA, Barbosa HP, Petelincar IM, 2002. Soybean meal, macerated full fat soybean and micronized soybean on weaned piglets fed at 21 days of age. R Bras Zootec 31: 104-111. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982002000100012
Valencia DG, Serrano MP, Lázaro R, Latorre MA, Mateos GG, 2008. Influence of micronization (fine grinding) of soya bean meal and full-fat soya bean on productive growth performance and digestive traits in young pigs. Anim Feed Sci Tech 147: 340-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.01.011
Woyengo TA, Beltranena E, Zijlstra, RT, 2017. Effect of anti-nutritional factors of oilseed co-products on feed intake of pigs and poultry. Anim Feed Sci Tech 233: 76-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.05.006
Copyright (c) 2022 Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.
