Agronomic response of maize to limited levels of water under furrow irrigation in southern Spain

Abstract

The yield response to limited irrigation is a major concern where water resources are limited. The objective of the work was to know the agronomic response of 12 maize hybrids cultivars under full and limited irrigation levels. Full irrigation consisted in 5 to 7 furrow irrigations events (90 mm) applying a total depth of 450-630 mm. In the limited irrigation treatment, three irrigations (90 mm) were applied, beginning 2-3 weeks before silking and ending 3-5 weeks after it. Results indicated a mean yield loss of 17% due to limited irrigation. The main effect of limited irrigation was a reduction of the ears per plant and 1,000 kernel weight. Maize yield decreased as season length was reduced. The main effect of season length reduction was a reduction of kernels per ear. Limited or regulated deficit irrigation is one way of maximizing productivity of total applied water (PAW); thus, the limited irrigation treatment reached a higher PAW value (2.66 kg/cubic m) than full irrigation (1.90 kg/cubic m). In both irrigation levels, PAW was higher as the growth cycle increased. It can be concluded that, in the conditions of Southern Spain, reduced irrigation provided larger yields when applied to long cycle cultivars (FAO 700-800), with increased PAW values.