Evaluación del modelo RUSLE y desarrollo de una ecuación empírica para estimar el factor de erosionabilidad del suelo en regiones semi-áridas

  • A. R. Vaezi Department of Soil Science. Agriculture Faculty. Zanjan University. Zanjan. 45371-38111. Iran
  • S. H. R. Sadeghi Department of Watershed Management. College of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences. Tarbiat Modares University. Noor. 46417-76489. Iran
Palabras clave: estabilidad de los agregados, parcela elemental, pérdida de suelo, permeabilidad

Resumen

La erosionabilidad del suelo, uno de los seis factores considerados en la ecuación universal de pérdida de suelos revisada (RUSLE), refleja la facilidad con que el suelo se desprende por la acción de la lluvia y/o del flujo superficial. Este estudio se realizó para evaluar la aplicabilidad del modelo RUSLE en la estimación de factor de erosionabilidad (K) y desarrollar una ecuación apropiada para predecir este factor en suelos de la región semiárida de Irán. Se consideraron 36 fincas de secano en una zona agrícola de 900 km2 en Hashtroud, al noroeste del país. Se midió durante 2 años la pérdida de suelo en 108 parcelas elementales en condiciones de lluvia natural, desde marzo de 2005 hasta marzo de 2007. Se estimó el factor K utilizando la media geométrica del diámetro de las partículas (Dg) basada en la pérdida media anual de suelo por unidad del factor de erosividad lluvia-escorrentía (R). Los valores de K estimados variaron entre 0,0316 y 0,0485 t h MJ–1 mm–1 mientras que los valores medidos de K variaron entre 0,0014 y 0,0050 t h MJ–1 mm–1. Los valores de K medidos fueron casi 14 veces menores de media que los valores estimados. No había una correlación considerable entre el factor K medido y el Dg (R2 = 0,05). Un análisis de regresión múltiple mostró que el factor K medido estaba relacionado significativamente con la estabilidad y permeabilidad de los agregados (R2 = 0,90, p<0,001). Aunque Dg estaba correlacionado positivamente con la permeabilidad del suelo (R2 = 0,42), no afectó aparentemente al factor K medido (R2 = 0,05), debido probablemente a su efecto negativo sobre la estabilidad de los agregados (R2 = 0,64).

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Cómo citar
Vaezi, A. R., & Sadeghi, S. H. R. (1). Evaluación del modelo RUSLE y desarrollo de una ecuación empírica para estimar el factor de erosionabilidad del suelo en regiones semi-áridas. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 9(3), 912-923. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/20110903-229-10
Sección
Ciencia del suelo