Influencia de los hongos micorrícicos arbusculares y de una bacteria promotora del crecimiento en la absorción de Cd y el crecimiento del maíz en suelos contaminados con Cd
Resumen
Se investigaron, en un experimento en macetas, los efectos de la bacteria Micrococcus roseus, hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (AMF) nativos del suelo y el hongo Glomus mosseae en el crecimiento, así como en la absorción de P, N, Fe, Mn, Zn y Cd por el maíz en un suelo contaminado con Cd. Se estableció un experimento trifactorial en un diseño completamente al azar con tres repeticiones por tratamiento. Los factores fueron: 1) AMF con dos niveles, G1 (AMF nativos) y G2 (G. mosseae + G1), 2) bacterias promotoras del crecimiento de las plantas con dos niveles, B0 (sin inoculación) y B1 (inoculación con M. roseus); y 3) cadmio a tres niveles (0, 100 y 200 mg Cd kg–1 suelo). En condiciones de contaminación con Cd, G2 aumentó significativamente, comparado con G1, la colonización de las raíces, la biomasa vegetal, y la absorción de nutrientes y Cd en los brotes de las plantas. La sola presencia de AMF contribuyó a la estabilización de Cd en las raíces y el suelo. En el suelo contaminado con Cd, el peso seco de los brotes y las raíces, y la absorción de los nutrientes de los brotes en las plantas coinoculadas con la bacteria y los AMF fueron mayores que en las plantas micorrizadas. Las plantas coinoculadas con la bacteria y G2 presentaron mayor cantidad de absorción de Cd en los brotes y raíces, fitoextracción de Cd, translocación y eficiencia de absorción con ambas concentraciones de Cd que las plantas solamente micorrizadas. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría del Cd fue secuestrado en las raíces de las plantas coinoculadas con bacterias y AMF nativos en el suelo, con 100 y 200 mg Cd kg–1.Descargas
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