Características fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de cuatro músculos de cerdos de cruce comercial sacrificados a 130 kg de peso vivo
Resumen
En España, una proporción considerable de cerdos son sacrificados a pesos elevados destinándose a la elaboración de jamón curado. La posibilidad de encontrar piezas cárnicas de calidad diferenciada, destinadas a consumo en fresco, optimizaría la producción de canales pesadas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar algunas características físico-químicas y sensoriales de cuatro músculos en 14 hembras Duroc × (Landrace × Large White) sacrificadas a 130 kg de peso vivo. De cada canal se extrajeron (dos por canal) los músculos: Longissimus thoracis (LT), Psoas major (PM), Lattissimus dorsi (LD) y Serratus ventralis (SV). Se evaluaron características físicas (color, pérdidas de agua y resistencia al corte), químicas (contenido en grasa intramuscular y su composición en ácidos grasos) y sensoriales (atributos relacionados con el aroma, el flavor, la textura y la aceptabilidad). El LT tuvo la mayor fibrosidad y los menores indicadores de capacidad de retención de agua, terneza y jugosidad. El PM mostró los menores contenidos en grasa intramuscular y ácidos grasos monoinsaturados y también en fibrosidad, y las mayores proporciones en humedad, C18:2n6 y ácidos grasos poliinsaturados. El LD tuvo el mayor tono amarillo, intensidad de olor y flavor a grasa. El SV proporcionó el mayor contenido en grasa intramuscular y color rojo y la menor resistencia al corte. Todos los músculos tuvieron similar puntuación en aceptabilidad global. En conclusión, se detectaron numerosas e interesantes diferencias entre los músculos estudiados, lo que sugiere que podrían ser comercializadas individualmente como piezas cárnicas de calidad diferenciada, optimizando así la producción de canales de cerdos pesados.Descargas
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