Porcentaje de supervivencia, capacidad fotosintética y crecimiento de dos cultivares de arroz tipo índica (Oryza sativa L. spp. indica) en respuesta al estrés iso-osmótico
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la degradación de pigmentos, la disminución de la fluorescencia de la clorofila, la capacidad fotosintética y la reducción en el crecimiento de dos cultivares de arroz, en respuesta al estrés salino iso-osmótico o hídrico. Se cultivaron de forma foto-autotrófica en medio MS plántulas de los cultivares RD6 y KDML105 y posteriormente se expusieron durante 14 días a NaCl (estrés salino) o manitol (estrés hídrico) iso-osmótico –0,23 (control), –0,40 ó –0,67 MPa. El porcentaje de supervivencia de los dos cultivares de arroz se redujo drásticamente con el tratamiento de NaCl 0,67 MPa. La clorofila a (Chla), clorofila b (Chlb), carotenoides totales (Cx+c), rendimiento cuántico máximo del PSII (Fv/Fm) y el rendimiento de fotones del PSII (ΦPSII) fueron significativamente menores en las plántulas estresadas respecto a las plántulas del grupo control (sin manitol o NaCl), lo que les llevó a una baja tasa de fotosíntesis neta (Pn) y a una reducción del crecimiento. Además, el crecimiento de las plántulas bajo estrés salino se redujo drásticamente y los cambios fisiológicos fueron mayores que bajo estrés hídrico. Por otra parte, el amortiguamiento no fotoquímico (NPQ) en las hojas de las plántulas estresadas aumentó considerablemente, especialmente en respuesta al estrés salino iso-osmótico. En este estudio, los caracteres de crecimiento y fisiológicos en conjunto de KDML105 cultivados bajo estrés iso-osmótico fueron mejores que los de RD6.
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