Efecto de la disponibilidad de hierba y del estado de lactación sobre la calidad del pasto de raigrás inglés, la ingestión de materia seca y la producción de leche de vacas Holstein-Friesian
Resumen
Un uso eficiente de la hierba por el ganado requiere de la aplicación de apropiadas estrategias de manejo del pasto para maximizar la ingestión de materia seca (PDMI) mientras se mantiene una alta calidad del pasto con una adecuada disponibilidad de hierba (PA). El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el efecto de dos PA, baja (L) vs. alta (H), sobre la calidad del pasto, PDMI y producción de leche de vacas Holstein-Friesian (n=72) en dos estados de lactación (LS), inicio (E) vs. mitad (M). Los animales fueron asignados al azar a cuatro grupos (LE, LM, HE y HM) en un diseño factorial 2×2. Los grupos con baja PA completaron 5 rotaciones, con más días de pastoreo (+13), menores alturas de la hierba (cm) pre- (14,3) y post-pastoreo (5,3) y mayor utilización del pasto (81,7%). Los tratamientos con baja PA mostraron una carga ganadera mayor que los de alta PA (4,8 vs. 3,9 vacas ha-1) y una PDMI menor (13,4 vs. 14,4 kg MS vaca-1 día-1) con mayores (p<0,05) contenidos (g kg-1 MS) en proteína (149,1), carbohidratos (166,7) y digestibilidad (746,8) pero menores (p<0,05) MS (18,4%), fibra ácido (283,5) y neutro (508,6) detergente (g kg-1 MS). La calidad del pasto disminuyó (p<0,05) de la rotación 1 a la 5, siendo el descenso menor con baja PA. Las vacas de inicio de lactación (24,8 kg vaca-1 día-1) produjeron más leche (MY) (p<0,05), pero con menores (p<0,05) contenidos de proteína (28,9) y grasa (36,9) (g kg-1). No se observaron diferencias en MY entre tratamientos, pero la baja PA mostró mayores contenidos de proteína y grasa. La disminución en PA provocó mayor calidad del pasto y de leche sin penalizar MY.
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