Simulación del contenido de agua del suelo mediante teledetección en un contexto semiárido mediterráneo

  • N. Sanchez Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE). Universidad de Salamanca.
  • J. Martínez-Fernández Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE). Universidad de Salamanca. Río Duero, 12, 37185 Villamayor (Salamanca)
  • M. Rodríguez-Ruiz Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE). Universidad de Salamanca. Río Duero, 12, 37185 Villamayor (Salamanca)
  • E. Torres Instituto de Desarrollo Regional (IDR). Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete
  • A. Calera Instituto de Desarrollo Regional (IDR). Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete
Palabras clave: balance de agua, coeficiente de cultivo, evapotranspiración, Landsat 5, NDVI

Resumen

Este trabajo muestra la aplicación de un balance de agua basado en teledetección que integra una serie Landsat 5 de 2009, en una zona de 1300 km2 de la cuenca del Duero (España). El objetivo fue la simulación diaria de contenido de agua del suelo, evapotranspiración real, percolación profunda y tasas de riego. La precisión fue comprobada en el contexto agrícola mediterráneo, en cultivos bajo condiciones naturales. Los resultados acerca del contenido de agua en el suelo se compararon con 19 estaciones de la Red de Estaciones de Medición de Humedad de Suelo (REMEDHUS). La base teórica de la aplicación es FAO56 combinado con imágenes de satélite. El coeficiente de cultivo basal y otros parámetros del cálculo se obtuvieron mediante la reflectividad de las imágenes. Todo ello se implementó en una herramienta informática, HIDROMORE+, capaz de gestionar las bases de datos espaciales. La comparación del contenido de humedad simulado con el observado a diferentes profundidades y distintos usos de suelo, muestra un buen ajuste global (R2=0,92; RMSE=0,031 m3 m-3; y bias=-0,027 m3 m-3). Por usos de suelo, el mejor descrito fue el de cereales en régimen de secano (R2=0,86; RMSE=0,030 m3 m-3; y bias=-0,025 m3 m-3) y la viña (R2=0,86; RMSE=0,016 m3 m-3; y bias=-0,013 m3 m-3). En general, el contenido de agua en el suelo fue subestimado, lo que es más evidente en la zona de raíces que en la capa superficial. El objetivo final es convertir la aplicación en una herramienta hidrológica para la gestión del agua en agricultura.

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Publicado
2012-04-30
Cómo citar
Sanchez, N., Martínez-Fernández, J., Rodríguez-Ruiz, M., Torres, E., & Calera, A. (2012). Simulación del contenido de agua del suelo mediante teledetección en un contexto semiárido mediterráneo. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(2), 521-532. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2012102-611-11
Sección
Water management